Question
Fish And Frog Review Biology 11 1. List the four main characteristics of all chordates. 2. What are vertebrae? 3. Name and describe the two main parts of a vertebrates skeleton. 4. List three characteristics of vertebrates. 5. Name the two groups of jawless fish. 6. Name the Class these fish belong to. 7. How do these fish obtain food?
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Conrad
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Answer
**Fish And Frog Review - Biology 11**1. **Four main characteristics of all chordates:** * **Notochord:** A flexible, rod-like structure that provides support along the dorsal (back) side of the body. In vertebrates, the notochord is usually replaced by a vertebral column (backbone) during development. * **Dorsal, hollow nerve cord:** A tube-shaped nerve cord located dorsal to the notochord. This develops into the brain and spinal cord in vertebrates. * **Pharyngeal slits:** Slits or pouches in the pharynx (throat region) that are present at some stage of development. In aquatic chordates, these function in filter feeding or respiration. In terrestrial vertebrates, they develop into structures in the head and neck. * **Post-anal tail:** A tail that extends beyond the anus. This provides propulsion in aquatic chordates and balance and locomotion in some terrestrial vertebrates.2. **Vertebrae:** Vertebrae are the individual bones that make up the vertebral column (backbone). They protect the spinal cord and provide support for the body.3. **Two main parts of a vertebrate skeleton:** * **Axial skeleton:** Forms the central axis of the body and includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. It protects the brain, spinal cord, and internal organs. * **Appendicular skeleton:** Consists of the bones of the limbs (arms and legs), pectoral girdle (shoulder bones), and pelvic girdle (hip bones). It is involved in movement and support.4. **Three characteristics of vertebrates:** * **Vertebral column (backbone):** Replaces the notochord in most adult vertebrates, providing support and protection for the spinal cord. * **Cranium (skull):** A bony or cartilaginous structure that protects the brain. * **Endoskeleton:** An internal skeleton made of bone or cartilage that provides support and allows for movement.5. **Two groups of jawless fish:** * **Hagfish** * **Lampreys**6. **Class of jawless fish:** Agnatha7. **How jawless fish obtain food:** Hagfish are scavengers, feeding on dead or dying animals. Lampreys are parasitic, attaching to other fish and sucking their blood or body fluids.