Question
28. Complete the following chart that illustrates the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
Solution
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Dylan
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Answer
### The completed chart illustrating the differences between mitosis and meiosis is as follows:| Question | Mitosis | Meiosis ||----------|---------|---------|| What is its purpose? | Growth, repair, asexual reproduction | Sexual reproduction || What cell type(s) undergo this process? | Somatic cells | Germ cells || Where in the body does it occur? | Throughout the body | Reproductive organs (ovaries and testes) || What is the number of chromosomes in the original cell? | Diploid (2n) | Diploid (2n) || What is the ploidy of the original cell? | Diploid (2n) | Diploid (2n) || What is the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell? How does this relate to that of the original cell? | Same as original (diploid, 2n) | Half of original (haploid, n) || Timing of replication? | Once before mitosis | Once before meiosis I || Number of divisions? | One | Two (meiosis I and meiosis II) || Synapsis of homologous chromosomes involved? | No | Yes || What is the ploidy of each daughter cell? How does this relate to the original cell? | Diploid (2n), same as original | Haploid (n), half of original || How many daughter cells are produced? | Two | Four |
Explanation
## Step 1: Understand the Purpose of Mitosis and Meiosis### Mitosis is primarily for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction, while meiosis is for sexual reproduction.## Step 2: Identify the Cell Types Undergoing Each Process### Mitosis occurs in somatic (body) cells, whereas meiosis occurs in germ (sex) cells.## Step 3: Determine the Location of Each Process in the Body### Mitosis occurs throughout the body, while meiosis occurs in the reproductive organs (ovaries and testes).## Step 4: Number of Chromosomes in the Original Cell### Both processes start with a diploid cell (2n), which has two sets of chromosomes.## Step 5: Ploidy of the Original Cell### The original cell in both mitosis and meiosis is diploid (2n).## Step 6: Number of Chromosomes in Each Daughter Cell### In mitosis, daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the original cell (diploid, 2n). In meiosis, daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes (haploid, n).## Step 7: Timing of Replication### DNA replication occurs once before mitosis and once before meiosis I.## Step 8: Number of Divisions### Mitosis involves one division, while meiosis involves two divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II).## Step 9: Synapsis of Homologous Chromosomes### Synapsis of homologous chromosomes occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis.## Step 10: Ploidy of Each Daughter Cell### In mitosis, daughter cells are diploid (2n), identical to the original cell. In meiosis, daughter cells are haploid (n), containing half the number of chromosomes compared to the original cell.## Step 11: Number of Daughter Cells Produced### Mitosis produces two daughter cells, while meiosis produces four daughter cells.