108 Which monastic order was founded by St. Benedict and focused on prayer,work, and study? A. Franciscans B. Dominicans C. Benedictines D. Jesuits 109. What was the main goal of the Counter-Reformation? A. To stop the spread of Protestantism B. To unify Eastern and Western Christianity C. To start new Crusades D. To modernize the Catholic Church 110. Who was the theologian whose writings helped shape early Christian theology including the idea of original sin? A. Thomas Aquinas B. Augustine of Hippo C. John Calvin D. Jerome

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108 Which monastic order was founded by St. Benedict and focused on prayer,work, and study? A. Franciscans B. Dominicans C. Benedictines D. Jesuits 109. What was the main goal of the Counter-Reformation? A. To stop the spread of Protestantism B. To unify Eastern and Western Christianity C. To start new Crusades D. To modernize the Catholic Church 110. Who was the theologian whose writings helped shape early Christian theology including the idea of original sin? A. Thomas Aquinas B. Augustine of Hippo C. John Calvin D. Jerome

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108. **C. Benedictines** The Benedictine Order, founded by St. Benedict of Nursia, is known for its emphasis on "ora et labora" – prayer and work. Study and scholarship also became important components of Benedictine monasticism.109. **A. To stop the spread of Protestantism.** The Counter-Reformation (also called the Catholic Reformation) was the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation. Its primary aim was to counter the growth of Protestantism by reforming internal practices and reaffirming Catholic doctrines.110. **B. Augustine of Hippo** Augustine of Hippo (St. Augustine) was a highly influential theologian whose writings significantly shaped Christian doctrine. His concept of original sin, the idea that humans inherit a flawed nature from Adam and Eve's disobedience, became a cornerstone of Western Christian theology.

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