SBI4U0 //20 Biochernistry Qaiz. Macromolecules Name, please: Otivia B French tries of onion rings? Fries. Determine the most correct terma or phrase to describe the following: a. 1:2:1 b oxygen general formula of ratio of C,H , and O in a monosaccharide [S] b. c property of water that describes the attraction between their molecules d. Bucrose name of disaccharide made from two glucose monomers e. substance that glucose gets converted to when there is excess in the blood f. these types of triglycerides contain at least one double bond between 2C g. name given to the bond that forms the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone h. this sugar in RNA replaces deoxyribose found in DNA i temporary structure formed when an active site ard substrate bind j. Oriyeogen initial input of energy required in order for a chemical reaction to occur examples of this macromolecule include amylopectin and chitin State the most correct answers to complete the following table. Macromolecule Name of Manomer Punctional Group(s) Example of Polymer Carbohydrate Glucose Hydroxyl Sucrose Lipids Steriods Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbonyl Macromolecule Name of Manomer Punctional Group(s) Example of Polymer Carbohydrate Glucose Hydroxyl Sucrose Lipids Steriods Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbonyl Enteric coatings are found in medications to prevent stomach acid from breaking down the medication prior to Use your knowier abstion in the small bowel Cellulose was once investigated as a potential coating material a. Use your knowledge of cellulose and its relationship with the human digestive system to explain why cellulose would not be a wise choice to be used in eateric coatings. [2] Cellulose is easily broken down by H_(2)O , So when it enters our body, it will not hald up until the small bowel. b. If the cellulose coating is modified with a substance called succinate, the delivery, release, and absorption of the medication becomes significantly more reliable. Given your answer to part a), infer the role of suceinate in making medications coated with this modified cellulose a better choice than unmodified cellulose. Include in your answer the specific reaction that takes place, and the specific bond type involved. [3] Enzymes and enzyme functions are vital to the biochemical reactions in all organisms to maintain their survival. a. Explain how the study of bacterial eazymes can be used in the development of antibiotics. [2] The study of bacterial enzymes con Show if they're able to properily Counter the problem at hand. b. Suggest and describe TWO specific ways in which antibiotics can be effective. (HINT: Consider the function of antibiotics.) [2]

Question

SBI4U0 //20 Biochernistry Qaiz. Macromolecules Name, please: Otivia B French tries of onion rings? Fries. Determine the most correct terma or phrase to describe the following: a. 1:2:1 b oxygen general formula of ratio of C,H , and O in a monosaccharide [S] b. c property of water that describes the attraction between their molecules d. Bucrose name of disaccharide made from two glucose monomers e. substance that glucose gets converted to when there is excess in the blood f. these types of triglycerides contain at least one double bond between 2C g. name given to the bond that forms the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone h. this sugar in RNA replaces deoxyribose found in DNA i temporary structure formed when an active site ard substrate bind j. Oriyeogen initial input of energy required in order for a chemical reaction to occur examples of this macromolecule include amylopectin and chitin State the most correct answers to complete the following table. Macromolecule Name of Manomer Punctional Group(s) Example of Polymer Carbohydrate Glucose Hydroxyl Sucrose Lipids Steriods Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbonyl Macromolecule Name of Manomer Punctional Group(s) Example of Polymer Carbohydrate Glucose Hydroxyl Sucrose Lipids Steriods Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbonyl Enteric coatings are found in medications to prevent stomach acid from breaking down the medication prior to Use your knowier abstion in the small bowel Cellulose was once investigated as a potential coating material a. Use your knowledge of cellulose and its relationship with the human digestive system to explain why cellulose would not be a wise choice to be used in eateric coatings. [2] Cellulose is easily broken down by H_(2)O , So when it enters our body, it will not hald up until the small bowel. b. If the cellulose coating is modified with a substance called succinate, the delivery, release, and absorption of the medication becomes significantly more reliable. Given your answer to part a), infer the role of suceinate in making medications coated with this modified cellulose a better choice than unmodified cellulose. Include in your answer the specific reaction that takes place, and the specific bond type involved. [3] Enzymes and enzyme functions are vital to the biochemical reactions in all organisms to maintain their survival. a. Explain how the study of bacterial eazymes can be used in the development of antibiotics. [2] The study of bacterial enzymes con Show if they're able to properily Counter the problem at hand. b. Suggest and describe TWO specific ways in which antibiotics can be effective. (HINT: Consider the function of antibiotics.) [2]

Answer 1

1. a. Carbohydrateb. C6H12O6c. Cohesiond. Maltosee. Glycogenf. Unsaturated fatsg. Phosphodiester bondh. Ribosei. Enzyme-substrate complexj. Activation energy2. Carbohydrate - Glucose - Hydroxyl - SucroseLipids - Glycerol and fatty acids - Ester - TriglycerideProteins - Amino acids - Amine and Carboxyl - PolypeptideNucleic Acids - Nucleotides - Phosphate - DNA/RNA3. Cellulose is not broken down by human digestive enzymes and remains undigested in the stomach. The bond involved is the β-glycosidic bond.4. a. Studying bacterial enzymes can help identify specific targets for antibiotics to inhibit or disrupt bacterial metabolic pathways.b. i) Inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. ii) Disrupting bacterial protein synthesis.

Answer 2

1. a. The 1:2:1 ratio is characteristic of carbohydrates.b. The general formula for monosaccharides is C6H12O6.c. Cohesion is the property of water that describes the attraction between their molecules.d. Maltose is a disaccharide made from two glucose monomers.e. When there is an excess of glucose in the blood, it gets converted to glycogen for storage.f. Triglycerides that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms are called unsaturated fats.g. The bond that forms the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone is the phosphodiester bond.h. In RNA, the sugar ribose replaces the deoxyribose found in DNA.i. When an active site and substrate bind, a temporary structure called the enzyme-substrate complex is formed.j. The initial input of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur is called activation energy.2. The table lists the macromolecules, their monomers, functional groups, and examples of polymers. For carbohydrates, the monomer is glucose, the functional group is hydroxyl, and an example of a polymer is sucrose. For lipids, the monomers are glycerol and fatty acids, the functional group is ester, and an example of a polymer is triglyceride. For proteins, the monomers are amino acids, the functional groups are amine and carboxyl, and an example of a polymer is a polypeptide. For nucleic acids, the monomers are nucleotides, the functional group is phosphate, and examples of polymers are DNA and RNA.3. Cellulose is a polysaccharide made up of glucose units linked by β-glycosidic bonds. Humans lack the enzyme to break down these bonds, so cellulose remains undigested in the human digestive system. Therefore, using cellulose as an enteric coating would not protect the medication from stomach acid, as it would remain undigested and not release the medication in the small bowel.4. a. Bacterial enzymes play crucial roles in the metabolic pathways of bacteria. By studying these enzymes, researchers can identify specific targets for antibiotics. By inhibiting or disrupting these targets, antibiotics can prevent bacteria from carrying out essential metabolic functions, leading to their death.b. Antibiotics can be effective in two specific ways: i) They can inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. ii) They can disrupt bacterial protein synthesis, preventing bacteria from making essential proteins and thereby inhibiting their growth and reproduction.

Question

Solution

Answer

Explanation