1. Answer true or false. The Charlor establishes English and French as official language in Canada. Cilizens can conduct federal government business in English or in French. depending on the language majority in the region. Samuel de Champlain's establishment of New France in 1608 was one of events that helped make French one of Canada's official languages. The Haultain Resolution of 1892 promoted the use of French in the North- West Territories In Québec, the English-speaking minority has the right to have its children educated in Anglophone schools. In Alberta, the French -speaking minority does not have the right to have its children educated in Francophone schools. Collective Rights of the Mótis 1. In what ways did the Manitoba Act grant collective rights to the Métis? 2. What evidence is there that the Métis continue to struggle to have governments recognize their collective rights?

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1. Answer true or false. The Charlor establishes English and French as official language in Canada. Cilizens can conduct federal government business in English or in French. depending on the language majority in the region. Samuel de Champlain's establishment of New France in 1608 was one of events that helped make French one of Canada's official languages. The Haultain Resolution of 1892 promoted the use of French in the North- West Territories In Québec, the English-speaking minority has the right to have its children educated in Anglophone schools. In Alberta, the French -speaking minority does not have the right to have its children educated in Francophone schools. Collective Rights of the Mótis 1. In what ways did the Manitoba Act grant collective rights to the Métis? 2. What evidence is there that the Métis continue to struggle to have governments recognize their collective rights?

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* **False.** The Charter of Rights and Freedoms (not "Charlor") establishes English and French as the official languages of Canada.* **True.** Citizens can conduct federal government business in either English or French.* **True.** Champlain's establishment of New France laid the foundation for a French-speaking presence in Canada.* **False.** The Haultain Resolution aimed to abolish the use of French in the Northwest Territories.* **True.** Québec's English-speaking minority has constitutionally protected rights to English-language education.* **False.** Alberta's French-speaking minority has the right to French-language education, protected by Section 23 of the Charter.**Collective Rights of the Métis**1. The Manitoba Act of 1870 granted the Métis: * **Land:** 1.4 million acres of land set aside for Métis families. (Though the implementation of this was flawed and led to significant issues.) * **Language Rights:** Recognized the use of both English and French in the legislature and courts. (While not specifically Métis languages, it acknowledged bilingualism.) * **Denominational Schools:** Provided for Protestant and Catholic schools, reflecting the religious diversity of the Métis population.2. Evidence of the Métis' ongoing struggle for recognition of collective rights: * **Land Claims:** Continuing legal battles and negotiations over land rights stemming from the Manitoba Act and other historical agreements. Many Métis feel the original promises were not fulfilled. * **Self-Government:** The Métis Nation has pursued self-government aspirations, seeking greater control over their own affairs and recognition as a distinct Indigenous people. Recent Supreme Court decisions have affirmed Métis rights to harvest and self-government, but the implementation of these rights remains a challenge. * **Recognition as a Distinct People:** The Métis have fought for recognition as a distinct Indigenous people with their own unique culture, history, and rights, separate from First Nations and Inuit. This recognition has been achieved in legal contexts but translating it into practical benefits and political power is an ongoing process. * **Socioeconomic Disparities:** Métis communities often face significant socioeconomic challenges, including lower levels of education, income, and access to healthcare, which are seen as a consequence of historical injustices and the denial of their rights. Addressing these disparities is part of the broader struggle for Métis rights.

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