Question
1(a) Account for the emergence of the Nyamwezi,and the Yao as long distance caravan traders in East Nicen go amunities (15 marks) (b) Outline Five factors for the rise of fise Buganda Kingdom in pre. colonial East Africa. (5 marks) (c) "East Africa was economically worthless but was colonized by the Europeans for political reasons." Assess the validity of this (10 marks) 2 a) Examine the legacy of Arab administration on the coast of East Africa. marks) (10 (b) Discuss the process of colonization of East Africa by the British and the Germans to 1890. marks) (10 3(a) Citing examples discuss the fnethods used by Europeans to impose colonial rule on the people Eist Africa. (8 marks) b) Examine either the Hele or the Bunyoro resistance to the establishment of colonial rut __ (12 marks) Germans in 1905-1907 4(a) What were the four causes of the Maji Maji rebellion against the (8 marks
Solution
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Jackson
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Answer
**1(a) The Emergence of the Nyamwezi and Yao as Long-Distance Caravan Traders:**The rise of the Nyamwezi and Yao as prominent long-distance traders in East Africa can be attributed to several interconnected factors:* **Strategic Location:** The Nyamwezi occupied a central position on the trade routes connecting the interior with the coast. The Yao were situated further east, bridging the gap between the interior and the coastal regions controlled by Arab traders. This positioning allowed them to act as intermediaries and control the flow of goods.* **Ivory and Slave Trade:** The increasing demand for ivory and slaves from the coast, particularly from Arab traders and later Europeans, fueled the expansion of trade networks. Both the Nyamwezi and Yao capitalized on this demand, organizing caravans to transport these commodities.* **Organization and Leadership:** Strong leadership and organization were crucial for the success of long-distance trade. Both groups developed sophisticated caravan systems, with designated leaders, porters, and security personnel. This ensured the safe and efficient transport of goods over long distances.* **Availability of Resources:** The Nyamwezi and Yao had access to resources like food and water, which were essential for sustaining large caravans. This allowed them to traverse vast distances and establish trade connections with distant communities.* **Ironworking Technology:** The Nyamwezi, in particular, were skilled ironworkers. This gave them an advantage in producing weapons and tools, which were valuable trade items and also helped in defending their caravans.**(1b) Five Factors for the Rise of the Buganda Kingdom:*** **Centralized Political System:** Buganda developed a strong, centralized monarchy with a Kabaka (king) at its head. This provided stability and facilitated efficient administration.* **Strategic Location:** Buganda's location on the fertile shores of Lake Victoria provided access to resources like fish and fertile land, supporting a growing population and economic prosperity.* **Strong Military:** A well-organized military allowed Buganda to expand its territory and defend against rivals, contributing to its dominance in the region.* **Developed Agriculture:** Advanced agricultural practices, including banana cultivation, ensured food security and contributed to the kingdom's wealth.* **Skilled Craftsmanship:** Buganda was known for its skilled craftsmen, particularly in canoe building and ironworking. These skills contributed to the kingdom's economic and military strength.**(1c) East Africa's Economic Value and Colonization:**The statement "East Africa was economically worthless but was colonized by the Europeans for political reasons" is **partially valid but oversimplified**. While political factors played a significant role, the colonization of East Africa was also driven by economic interests, albeit not always immediately apparent or as lucrative as in other regions.* **Strategic Importance:** East Africa's location was strategically important for controlling key trade routes, particularly those to India and the Far East. Securing these routes was a major motivation for European powers.* **Raw Materials:** While not initially as resource-rich as other colonized regions, East Africa did offer resources like ivory, rubber, and later, minerals. The potential for future exploitation was a factor in European interest.* **Competition Among European Powers:** The "Scramble for Africa" was driven by intense competition among European powers. Colonizing East Africa became a matter of prestige and strategic advantage, even if the immediate economic benefits were unclear.* **Missionary Activity:** Missionary work provided a justification for European intervention and often paved the way for colonial administration.* **Abolition of the Slave Trade:** While genuine humanitarian concerns existed, suppressing the slave trade also served European economic interests by disrupting existing trade networks and opening up new opportunities.**2(a), 2(b), 3(a), 3(b), and 4(a) will be answered in subsequent responses due to character limits.**