3. Describe two examples of applications of statistical studies in politics. (2 marks: 1 mark for each example)

1. **Predicting Election Outcomes:** Statistical studies, particularly polling and surveys, are extensively used to gauge public opinion on candidates and policies. By collecting data from a representative sample of the population, statisticians can estimate the level of support for different candidates and predict the likely outcome of elections. These predictions, while not always perfect, inform campaign strategies, media coverage, and even voter behavior.2. **Analyzing Policy Effectiveness:** Governments often use statistical studies to assess the impact of their policies. For example, a government might conduct a study to determine whether a new education program has improved student test scores. By comparing data from before and after the program's implementation, statisticians can help policymakers understand whether the program is achieving its intended goals and whether adjustments are needed.