1. Describe the "Golden Age of Greece". (2) 2. Explain what the "Delian League" was and how did it protect Greece from the Persians. (2) 3. "Resentment grew among the many poli as Athens demonstrated its wealth". Name two ways in which Athens "demonstrated its wealth". (2) 4. Why is it suggested that Sparta rejected Athenian support in quelling the helot uprising? (1) 5. Explain why Sparta declared war on Athens . (1) 6. What strategy did Athens use to prepare for Sparta's siege? (1) 7. What did Pericles order the people to do? Explain HOW and WHY this backfired. (4) 8. Explain how Sparta eventually defeated Athens in 404 BCE? (2) 9. Soon after the war, King Phillip of Macedonia conquered most of the Greek peninsula. Do you think the Peloponnesian war contributed . to this Macedonian

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1. Describe the "Golden Age of Greece". (2) 2. Explain what the "Delian League" was and how did it protect Greece from the Persians. (2) 3. "Resentment grew among the many poli as Athens demonstrated its wealth". Name two ways in which Athens "demonstrated its wealth". (2) 4. Why is it suggested that Sparta rejected Athenian support in quelling the helot uprising? (1) 5. Explain why Sparta declared war on Athens . (1) 6. What strategy did Athens use to prepare for Sparta's siege? (1) 7. What did Pericles order the people to do? Explain HOW and WHY this backfired. (4) 8. Explain how Sparta eventually defeated Athens in 404 BCE? (2) 9. Soon after the war, King Phillip of Macedonia conquered most of the Greek peninsula. Do you think the Peloponnesian war contributed . to this Macedonian

Answer 1

1. The "Golden Age of Greece," specifically referring to the Golden Age of Athens, occurred during the 5th century BCE, primarily after the Persian Wars. It was a period of significant advancements in art, architecture, literature, philosophy, and democracy, flourishing under the leadership of Pericles. Athens became the intellectual and cultural center of the ancient Greek world.2. The Delian League was an alliance of Greek city-states, initially formed in 478 BCE to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greco-Persian Wars. Athens quickly became the dominant member, using its powerful navy to liberate Greek cities in Ionia and the Aegean Sea from Persian control. The League's treasury, originally on the island of Delos, was later moved to Athens, effectively transforming the alliance into an Athenian empire. This provided a unified defense against potential future Persian aggression and ensured safe sea routes for trade, contributing to Athenian prosperity.3. Athens demonstrated its wealth in two key ways: a) **Construction projects:** Athens used League funds to rebuild the Acropolis, including the Parthenon, showcasing its power and artistic achievements. b) **Civic projects and festivals:** Athens sponsored grand festivals and theatrical productions, demonstrating its cultural dominance and providing employment for its citizens.4. It is suggested that Sparta rejected Athenian support during the helot uprising because they feared Athenian interference in their internal affairs and the potential for Athenian democratic ideas to influence the helots, who were essentially Spartan slaves. Sparta's social structure was rigidly hierarchical, and they were wary of any external influence that could destabilize it.5. Sparta declared war on Athens primarily due to growing resentment of Athenian power and dominance within the Delian League. Sparta saw the Athenian empire as a threat to its own influence and the traditional balance of power among Greek city-states. The increasing economic and military strength of Athens, fueled by the League's resources, ultimately led to the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War.6. Athens, aware of Sparta's land-based military superiority, adopted a defensive strategy based on its naval strength. Pericles' plan was to avoid direct land battles with the Spartans and instead rely on the Long Walls, fortifications connecting Athens to its port of Piraeus, to allow access to supplies and trade via the sea.7. Pericles ordered the people of Attica, the region surrounding Athens, to abandon their farms and villages and seek shelter within the city walls of Athens. This was intended to protect them from the Spartan army, which regularly invaded and ravaged Attica during the war. This strategy backfired because the overcrowding within the city walls led to the outbreak of a devastating plague in 430 BCE, which significantly weakened Athens and killed Pericles himself.8. Sparta eventually defeated Athens by a) **Altering their naval strategy:** With Persian financial aid, Sparta built a strong navy, challenging Athenian dominance at sea. b) **Cutting off Athenian supply lines:** The Spartan navy, under the command of Lysander, defeated the Athenian fleet at Aegospotami in 405 BCE, effectively blockading Athens and cutting off its vital supply routes. Starved and weakened, Athens surrendered in 404 BCE.9. Yes, the Peloponnesian War significantly contributed to the Macedonian conquest of Greece. The war severely weakened both Athens and Sparta, leaving the Greek city-states fragmented and vulnerable. This power vacuum allowed Philip II of Macedon to exploit the situation, gradually asserting his control over the weakened Greek peninsula. The war's legacy of mistrust and division among the Greek city-states prevented them from forming a united front against the Macedonian threat.

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