Question
3. Use a picture and describe each of the followlng cycles: a. Water b. Carbon 4. Identify and explain 2 human activities that affect the carbon cycle? 5. Use a chart to compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration: 6. Define and provide an example of the following specles Interactions: a) Mutualism b) Predation c) Commensalism d) Parasitism e) Competition 7. What is the difference between primary and secondary succession and provide an example of each. 8. Define biodiversity and how does It relate to specles richness. 9. Describe the lavels of specles at risk. 10. Define niche and provide an example. 11. What is the difference between producers and consumers and provide an example of each. 12. Describe the 3 layers of the Biosphere. 13. Describe terms relating to ablotic factors in ecosystems. Eg. Limiting factors tolerance range, carrping capacity
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Willow
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Answer
3. **a. Water Cycle:**[Insert a picture of the water cycle showing evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection.]The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. * **Evaporation:** Water changes from a liquid to a gas (water vapor) due to heat energy, primarily from the sun. This occurs from bodies of water like oceans, lakes, and rivers.* **Condensation:** As water vapor rises, it cools and condenses, changing back into liquid water droplets, forming clouds.* **Precipitation:** When the water droplets in clouds become too heavy, they fall back to Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.* **Collection:** Water gathers in various locations like rivers, lakes, oceans, and underground aquifers. It can also be absorbed by plants.**b. Carbon Cycle:**[Insert a picture of the carbon cycle showing photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, combustion, and fossil fuels.]The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon through the Earth's various systems.* **Photosynthesis:** Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.* **Respiration:** Animals and plants release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere as a byproduct of breaking down glucose for energy.* **Decomposition:** When organisms die, decomposers (like bacteria and fungi) break down their remains, releasing carbon back into the environment.* **Combustion:** Burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.* **Fossil Fuels:** Over millions of years, the remains of dead plants and animals can be transformed into fossil fuels, storing carbon underground.4. **Human Activities Affecting the Carbon Cycle:*** **Burning Fossil Fuels:** The combustion of fossil fuels for energy (electricity, transportation, industry) releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and contributing to climate change.* **Deforestation:** Trees absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Cutting down forests reduces the planet's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide, leading to higher atmospheric concentrations.5. **Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration:**| Feature | Photosynthesis | Cellular Respiration ||---|---|---|| **Organism** | Plants, algae, some bacteria | Plants and animals || **Reactants** | Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight | Glucose, oxygen || **Products** | Glucose, oxygen | Carbon dioxide, water, ATP (energy) || **Purpose** | Produce food (glucose) | Release energy from food || **Location** | Chloroplasts | Mitochondria |6. **Species Interactions:*** **a) Mutualism:** Both species benefit. *Example:* Bees and flowers (bees get nectar, flowers get pollinated).* **b) Predation:** One species (predator) kills and eats another (prey). *Example:* Lion and zebra.* **c) Commensalism:** One species benefits, the other is neither harmed nor helped. *Example:* Barnacles on a whale (barnacles get a ride, whale is unaffected).* **d) Parasitism:** One species (parasite) benefits at the expense of another (host). *Example:* Tick on a dog.* **e) Competition:** Two or more species compete for the same resources. *Example:* Lions and hyenas competing for food.7. **Succession:*** **Primary Succession:** Occurs in an area with no existing soil (e.g., after a volcanic eruption). *Example:* Lichens and mosses colonizing bare rock.* **Secondary Succession:** Occurs in an area where soil already exists (e.g., after a forest fire). *Example:* Grasses and shrubs growing in a burned field.8. **Biodiversity and Species Richness:*** **Biodiversity:** The variety of life in a particular habitat, ecosystem, or the entire planet. This includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems.* **Species Richness:** The number of different species in a given area. Species richness is one component of biodiversity.9. **Levels of Species at Risk:*** **Extinct:** No longer exists anywhere.* **Extinct in the Wild:** Exists only in captivity.* **Critically Endangered:** Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.* **Endangered:** Very high risk of extinction in the wild.* **Vulnerable:** High risk of extinction in the wild.10. **Niche:*** **Niche:** The role an organism plays in its environment, including its interactions with other organisms and its use of resources. *Example:* A woodpecker's niche includes eating insects in trees, nesting in tree cavities, and spreading seeds.11. **Producers vs. Consumers:*** **Producers:** Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis. *Example:* Plants, algae.* **Consumers:** Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms. *Example:* Animals, fungi.12. **Layers of the Biosphere:*** **Lithosphere:** The Earth's rocky outer layer.* **Hydrosphere:** All the water on Earth.* **Atmosphere:** The layer of gases surrounding the Earth.13. **Abiotic Factors:*** **Limiting Factors:** Environmental factors that restrict the growth, distribution, or abundance of organisms. *Example:* Water availability in a desert.* **Tolerance Range:** The range of environmental conditions within which an organism can survive.* **Carrying Capacity:** The maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can sustainably support.