A) To release small amount of both male and female sex hormone testosterone and oestrogen B) To balance the sodium and potassium ratio in blood C) To balance the metabolism of carbohydrate fats and proteins D) To balance the calcium and phosphate in blood plasma E) To release small amount of testosterone and oestrogen and regulate plasma microelement 47. The family of steroid hormones are chemically derived from cholesterol and includes A) Gonabotrophin-releasing homone((nRH)growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH hormone (TRH) B) Growth hormone (GH)and adrenscorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) C) T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (miodot yronine) D) Corticosteroids, sex hormone.and vitamin D E) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)and oxytocin 48. Which one of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative? A) Prolactin B)Epinephrine C)Progesterone D) Prostaglandin B)Oestrogen 49. Which of the following hormones acts on intracellular receptor? A) Vitamin D B) FSH C) LH D) Epinephrine E)Vasopressin 50. Which receptor type mediates the action of parathyroid hormone on its target cell? A) Nuclear receptor B) Ion channel receptor C) Cytoplasmic receptor D) G-protein coupled receptor E) Enzyme linked receptor

Question

A) To release small amount of both male and female sex hormone testosterone and oestrogen B) To balance the sodium and potassium ratio in blood C) To balance the metabolism of carbohydrate fats and proteins D) To balance the calcium and phosphate in blood plasma E) To release small amount of testosterone and oestrogen and regulate plasma microelement 47. The family of steroid hormones are chemically derived from cholesterol and includes A) Gonabotrophin-releasing homone((nRH)growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH hormone (TRH) B) Growth hormone (GH)and adrenscorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) C) T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (miodot yronine) D) Corticosteroids, sex hormone.and vitamin D E) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)and oxytocin 48. Which one of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative? A) Prolactin B)Epinephrine C)Progesterone D) Prostaglandin B)Oestrogen 49. Which of the following hormones acts on intracellular receptor? A) Vitamin D B) FSH C) LH D) Epinephrine E)Vasopressin 50. Which receptor type mediates the action of parathyroid hormone on its target cell? A) Nuclear receptor B) Ion channel receptor C) Cytoplasmic receptor D) G-protein coupled receptor E) Enzyme linked receptor

Answer 1

47. **D) Corticosteroids, sex hormones, and vitamin D**Steroid hormones are all derived from cholesterol. This group includes corticosteroids (produced by the adrenal cortex), sex hormones (produced by the gonads and adrenal cortex), and vitamin D (which is technically a secosteroid, a slightly modified steroid).48. **B) Epinephrine**Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) is derived from the amino acid tyrosine. The others are:* Prolactin: Peptide hormone* Progesterone: Steroid hormone* Prostaglandin: Lipid derived from fatty acids* Estrogen: Steroid hormone49. **A) Vitamin D**Vitamin D, being a steroid hormone (secosteroid), acts on intracellular receptors (nuclear receptors, to be precise). The others bind to cell surface receptors:* FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone): G protein-coupled receptor* LH (Luteinizing Hormone): G protein-coupled receptor* Epinephrine: G protein-coupled receptor* Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone): G protein-coupled receptor50. **D) G protein-coupled receptor**Parathyroid hormone (PTH) exerts its effects by binding to a G protein-coupled receptor on the surface of its target cells. This then activates intracellular signaling pathways.Regarding question 47 options A and B:* **A)** Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) are all peptide hormones.* **B)** Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide hormone.Regarding question 47 options C and E:* **C)** T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine) are tyrosine derivatives.* **E)** Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are peptide hormones.Regarding the first incomplete question fragment:The most accurate answer out of the options provided would be **E) To release small amounts of testosterone and estrogen and regulate plasma microelements**, although it's an incomplete and somewhat misleading statement. The adrenal glands *do* release small amounts of androgens (like testosterone precursors) and estrogens, in addition to their primary hormones. They also play a role in regulating some plasma microelements (like sodium and potassium through aldosterone). However, their primary functions are related to stress response, blood pressure regulation, and metabolism, making options C and D more central to their overall role. The adrenal glands are *not* the primary regulators of sex hormones. The gonads (testes and ovaries) are.

Question

Solution

Answer