7. Many Europeans belleved they wore better than other people. This attitude we rellected in a theory of the time that supported "those who were fittast for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were considered superior to others. A. Economic Darwinism B. Darwin theory C. Racism D. Social Darwinism 8. Several factors contributed to European conquest of Africa.One overwhelming advantage was . 9. European countries had means to control their empire because of A. converting people to the same religion. B. infectious diseases C. the invention of the steam engine and superior arms. D. unity among African groups due similar languages and culture. 10. The competition was so fierce for African land that European countries feared war among themselves. To prevent conflict, 14 countries met at the in 1884-85 to lay down rules for division of Africa. A. African Conference B. Boer Conference C. Berlin Conference D. European Conference 11. The first Europeans to settle in South Africa had been the who established a station for ships between the West Indies and the Netherlands. These settlers were known as 12. During the Boer War __ was a war correspondent who was captured. He escaped and when he returned to Britain he was considered a national hero at 26

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7. Many Europeans belleved they wore better than other people. This attitude we rellected in a theory of the time that supported "those who were fittast for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were considered superior to others. A. Economic Darwinism B. Darwin theory C. Racism D. Social Darwinism 8. Several factors contributed to European conquest of Africa.One overwhelming advantage was . 9. European countries had means to control their empire because of A. converting people to the same religion. B. infectious diseases C. the invention of the steam engine and superior arms. D. unity among African groups due similar languages and culture. 10. The competition was so fierce for African land that European countries feared war among themselves. To prevent conflict, 14 countries met at the in 1884-85 to lay down rules for division of Africa. A. African Conference B. Boer Conference C. Berlin Conference D. European Conference 11. The first Europeans to settle in South Africa had been the who established a station for ships between the West Indies and the Netherlands. These settlers were known as 12. During the Boer War __ was a war correspondent who was captured. He escaped and when he returned to Britain he was considered a national hero at 26

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7. **D. Social Darwinism**. Social Darwinism misapplied Darwin's biological theory of natural selection to justify social hierarchies and inequalities, arguing that the wealthy and successful were inherently "fitter."8. The overwhelming advantage Europeans had was **superior technology**, specifically **advanced weaponry (like repeating rifles and machine guns) and transportation (steamships and railroads)**. This allowed them to overcome resistance and project power inland.9. **C. the invention of the steam engine and superior arms.** The steam engine facilitated travel and transport within Africa, while superior arms gave Europeans a decisive military advantage.10. **C. Berlin Conference**. The Berlin Conference regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period.11. The first Europeans to settle in South Africa were the **Dutch**. These settlers were known as **Boers** (or Afrikaners).12. **Winston Churchill**. Churchill's daring escape from a Boer prison camp during the Boer War significantly boosted his public profile and launched his political career.

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