A. Population and the sample in this example? stret(calls 1,000 people challes wants to know what proportion of city residents support his candidacy. His are the popular,people chosen at random from the city telephone directory and 850 of them respond. What who are called. B. Population: all Dallas resident Sample: the 1,000 people who are call C. Population: the Dallas residents Sample:the 850 people who respond. 850 D. Population; the telephone directory. Sample: the people who respond. A. Population the 1,000 people who are called. Sample: the 850 people who respond. ID: A 17. A poll conducted by the student newspaper asked "Who do you believe will win the Ohio State Undergraduate Student Government election?" To vote, students had to access the student newspaper's Website and record their vote. Which of the following statements is true? A. The results of the survey are unreliable because response to the survey was voluntary. B. The population is large enough to eliminate potential sources of bias in the design of the poll. C. This is an example of a census because all students had an opportunity to vote. D. This is an example of a prospective study. E. The population is all students who voted in the election. 18. A local tax reform group polls the residents of the school district and asks the question, "Do you think the school board should stop spending taxpayers' money on non-essential arts programs in elementary schools?" The results of this poll are likely to A. underestimate support for arts programs because of undercoverage. B. underestimate support for arts programs because of the way the question is worded. C. overestimate support for arts programs because of undercoverage. D. overestimate support for arts programs because of the way the question is worded. E. accurately estimate support for arts programs. __ 19. To assess the effects of exercise on reducing cholesterol, a researcher took a random sample of fifty people from a local gym who exercised regularly over the past year and another random sample of fifty people from the surrounding community who did not exercise regularly during the past year.They all reported to a clinic to have their cholesterol measured. The subjects were unaware of the purpose of the study, and the technician measuring the cholestero was not aware of whether subjects exercised regularly Which of the following best describes the inferences the researcher can make based on his results? A. He can make inferences about cause and effect, but not about the populations from which the samples were selected. B. He can make inferences about the populations from which the samples were selected, but not about cause and effect. C. He can make inferences about both cause and effect and the populations from which the samples were selected. D. He cannot make inferences about cause and effect or the populations from which the samples were selected. E.There is not enough information to make judgments about the scope of inference.

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A. Population and the sample in this example? stret(calls 1,000 people challes wants to know what proportion of city residents support his candidacy. His are the popular,people chosen at random from the city telephone directory and 850 of them respond. What who are called. B. Population: all Dallas resident Sample: the 1,000 people who are call C. Population: the Dallas residents Sample:the 850 people who respond. 850 D. Population; the telephone directory. Sample: the people who respond. A. Population the 1,000 people who are called. Sample: the 850 people who respond. ID: A 17. A poll conducted by the student newspaper asked "Who do you believe will win the Ohio State Undergraduate Student Government election?" To vote, students had to access the student newspaper's Website and record their vote. Which of the following statements is true? A. The results of the survey are unreliable because response to the survey was voluntary. B. The population is large enough to eliminate potential sources of bias in the design of the poll. C. This is an example of a census because all students had an opportunity to vote. D. This is an example of a prospective study. E. The population is all students who voted in the election. 18. A local tax reform group polls the residents of the school district and asks the question, "Do you think the school board should stop spending taxpayers' money on non-essential arts programs in elementary schools?" The results of this poll are likely to A. underestimate support for arts programs because of undercoverage. B. underestimate support for arts programs because of the way the question is worded. C. overestimate support for arts programs because of undercoverage. D. overestimate support for arts programs because of the way the question is worded. E. accurately estimate support for arts programs. __ 19. To assess the effects of exercise on reducing cholesterol, a researcher took a random sample of fifty people from a local gym who exercised regularly over the past year and another random sample of fifty people from the surrounding community who did not exercise regularly during the past year.They all reported to a clinic to have their cholesterol measured. The subjects were unaware of the purpose of the study, and the technician measuring the cholestero was not aware of whether subjects exercised regularly Which of the following best describes the inferences the researcher can make based on his results? A. He can make inferences about cause and effect, but not about the populations from which the samples were selected. B. He can make inferences about the populations from which the samples were selected, but not about cause and effect. C. He can make inferences about both cause and effect and the populations from which the samples were selected. D. He cannot make inferences about cause and effect or the populations from which the samples were selected. E.There is not enough information to make judgments about the scope of inference.

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16. **B. Population: all Dallas residents; Sample: the 1,000 people who are called.**The population is the entire group the candidate is interested in (Dallas residents). The sample is the smaller group selected from the population to represent it (the 1,000 people called). The 850 who responded are a subset of the sample, but the sample itself consists of everyone who was *called*.17. **A. The results of the survey are unreliable because response to the survey was voluntary.**This is a voluntary response sample, which is prone to bias. People with strong opinions (especially negative ones) are more likely to participate, making the results unreliable for representing the entire student body.18. **B. underestimate support for arts programs because of the way the question is worded.**The question is loaded; it uses negative phrasing ("stop spending taxpayers' money on non-essential") to sway respondents against arts programs. This will likely lead to an underestimate of actual support.19. **B. He can make inferences about the populations from which the samples were selected, but not about cause and effect.**While the researcher used random samples, which allows for generalization to the larger populations of exercisers and non-exercisers, this is an observational study, not an experiment. Because the researcher didn't assign subjects to exercise or not, he cannot conclude that exercise *causes* changes in cholesterol levels. There could be confounding variables (like diet) that explain the differences.

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