31. Wuchale Treaty of 1889 was A. cause for the war at Adwa b/n Italy & Ethiopia C. signed in Wollo of Ethiopia B. signed b/n Menelik II &C.P Antonnelli (an Italian) D. all except"C"E.all 32. Empress Taytu's political influence following the illness of Menelik II was a serious threat to A. the neighbouring European powers B. Shewan Nobility C. E. Zewditu D. Ras Mekonnen W/Mikael Damot 33. The strategy commonly called the "siege of Mekele" was designed by to stop Italian access to water. A. Ras Alula Engida B. E. Menelik C. Fit. Gebeyew Gurmu D. Empress Taytu 34. Who was the last Viceroy of Italian East Africa whose rule was more liberal than others were? A. Grazziani B. De Bono C. Amadeo Umberto d'Aosta D. Badoglio 35. During the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935-1936 at which battle did Ethiopia score minor victory? A. Maichew B. Shire C. Amba Aradom D. Tembein IV. Write Short answer for the following Questions 35. Who was the strong patriot in Woliso area that played a crucial role during the Italian occupation in Ethiopia? 36. Write the important measures taken by Menelik II after his illness as solutions to internal &external problems. 37. Write two main medium of exchanges used in the 19^th century long-distance trade of Ethiopia

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31. Wuchale Treaty of 1889 was A. cause for the war at Adwa b/n Italy & Ethiopia C. signed in Wollo of Ethiopia B. signed b/n Menelik II &C.P Antonnelli (an Italian) D. all except"C"E.all 32. Empress Taytu's political influence following the illness of Menelik II was a serious threat to A. the neighbouring European powers B. Shewan Nobility C. E. Zewditu D. Ras Mekonnen W/Mikael Damot 33. The strategy commonly called the "siege of Mekele" was designed by to stop Italian access to water. A. Ras Alula Engida B. E. Menelik C. Fit. Gebeyew Gurmu D. Empress Taytu 34. Who was the last Viceroy of Italian East Africa whose rule was more liberal than others were? A. Grazziani B. De Bono C. Amadeo Umberto d'Aosta D. Badoglio 35. During the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935-1936 at which battle did Ethiopia score minor victory? A. Maichew B. Shire C. Amba Aradom D. Tembein IV. Write Short answer for the following Questions 35. Who was the strong patriot in Woliso area that played a crucial role during the Italian occupation in Ethiopia? 36. Write the important measures taken by Menelik II after his illness as solutions to internal &external problems. 37. Write two main medium of exchanges used in the 19^th century long-distance trade of Ethiopia

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31. **D. all except "C"** The Treaty of Wuchale was a major cause of the First Italo-Ethiopian War, signed between Menelik II and Count Pietro Antonelli. Crucially, the Amharic and Italian versions of the treaty differed, with the Italian version implying Italian protectorate over Ethiopia, which Menelik II rejected. It was not signed in Wollo.32. **B. Shewan Nobility** Empress Taytu's increasing influence during Menelik II's illness threatened the established power structure of the Shewan nobility, who saw their influence waning.33. **A. Ras Alula Engida** Ras Alula, a skilled military leader, employed a strategy of cutting off Italian access to water during the siege of Mekele, a tactic that proved effective.34. **C. Amadeo Umberto d'Aosta** While all listed were Italian officials in East Africa, Duke of Aosta, Viceroy from 1937-1941, is generally considered to have implemented a more liberal administration compared to the harsher rule of others like Grazziani and Badoglio.35. **A. Maichew** While Ethiopia ultimately lost the war, they achieved a minor tactical victory at the Battle of Maichew.**Short Answer:**36. Balcha Safo37. After his illness, Menelik II took several measures. **Internally:** He appointed a council of regency to assist him in governing, attempting to address succession concerns and maintain stability. **Externally:** He continued to seek diplomatic solutions and alliances with other powers to counter Italian influence and protect Ethiopian sovereignty. He also focused on strengthening the military.38. Two main mediums of exchange in 19th-century long-distance trade in Ethiopia were **Maria Theresa Thalers (MTT)**, a widely accepted silver coin, and **bars of salt (amoleh)**, particularly in the south and regions with limited access to currency. Other goods like coffee, hides, and ivory were also used in barter systems.

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