A penguin is a bird. Therefore, a penguint active argument C. lavalid, unsound luctive argument et. A lemon is a fruit. Therefore, a lemon is su D. Weak, uncogent ctive argument uctive argument C Invalid, unsound D. Weak uncogent in thers. A sparrow is a bird. Therefore, a sparr sound C. Invalid D. Strong 95% of participants who received the flu siccol pated individuals did contract a Therefore;red the likelihood of contracting the flu This argum ctive argument tive argument C. Invalid, unsound D. Weak, uncogent i periences at the local café, the service was slow his arguments implies ctive argument C. Invalid, unsound D. Weak, uncogent il tive argument people who exercise regularly have a lower rish se have reported improved mental health. There g regularly can lead to better overall health.TH ogent C. Valid C. Sound D. Si mises and conclusion of the following argum) lass, especially wage workers should not have ng man can support no more and the average an support no more of IDNo II. Multiple Choice 9. 10. 11 12 11

Question

A penguin is a bird. Therefore, a penguint active argument C. lavalid, unsound luctive argument et. A lemon is a fruit. Therefore, a lemon is su D. Weak, uncogent ctive argument uctive argument C Invalid, unsound D. Weak uncogent in thers. A sparrow is a bird. Therefore, a sparr sound C. Invalid D. Strong 95% of participants who received the flu siccol pated individuals did contract a Therefore;red the likelihood of contracting the flu This argum ctive argument tive argument C. Invalid, unsound D. Weak, uncogent i periences at the local café, the service was slow his arguments implies ctive argument C. Invalid, unsound D. Weak, uncogent il tive argument people who exercise regularly have a lower rish se have reported improved mental health. There g regularly can lead to better overall health.TH ogent C. Valid C. Sound D. Si mises and conclusion of the following argum) lass, especially wage workers should not have ng man can support no more and the average an support no more of IDNo II. Multiple Choice 9. 10. 11 12 11

Answer 1

Let's analyze each argument:1. **A penguin is a bird. Therefore, a penguin can fly.**This is a **C. Invalid, unsound** deductive argument. The premise (penguins are birds) is true, but the conclusion (penguins can fly) is false. Since the conclusion doesn't follow logically from the premise, it's invalid. And because it's invalid, it's also unsound.2. **A lemon is a fruit. Therefore, a lemon is sour.**This is a **D. Weak, uncogent** inductive argument. The premise (lemons are fruits) is true. The conclusion (lemons are sour) is generally true, but not always. Some lemons can be less sour than others, or even sweet varieties exist. Since the conclusion is likely but not guaranteed based on the premise, it's a weak inductive argument. And because it's weak, it's uncogent.3. **A sparrow is a bird. Therefore, a sparrow has feathers.**This is a **A. Valid, sound** deductive argument. The premise (sparrows are birds) is true. The conclusion (sparrows have feathers) is true and follows logically from the premise (all birds have feathers).4. **95% of participants who received the flu vaccine did not contract the flu. The remaining 5% of vaccinated individuals did contract it. Therefore, receiving the flu vaccine reduces the likelihood of contracting the flu.**This is a **B. Strong, cogent** inductive argument. The premise is true based on the given data. The conclusion is likely true based on the strong evidence presented. While the vaccine doesn't guarantee complete immunity, it significantly reduces the risk.5. **In my experiences at the local café, the service was slow. Therefore, the service at this café is always slow.**This is a **D. Weak, uncogent** inductive argument. The premise is based on limited personal experience. While the service might have been slow on those occasions, it doesn't necessarily mean it's *always* slow. The conclusion is a generalization based on insufficient evidence.6. **Many people who exercise regularly have a lower risk of heart disease. Those who exercise have reported improved mental health. Therefore, exercising regularly can lead to better overall health.**This is a **B. Strong, cogent** inductive argument. The premises provide good evidence supporting the conclusion. While it doesn't definitively prove exercising leads to better health in every single case, the evidence makes the conclusion highly likely.**Premises and Conclusion Identification:**You haven't provided an argument to analyze for premises and conclusions. Please provide the argument you'd like me to analyze.**Multiple Choice Answers:**You haven't provided the multiple-choice questions. Please provide the questions so I can give you the answers.

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