mengenolisis, maings, chillier and chocolate across the 37. brought the potatts, the pronouple other other hand, tear of millions died in the to replace the work force they bad decimated). Michael Wood, BBC History (adapted) Which historical development is being described in this quotation? a. establishment of the line of Demarcation b. creation of the Hanseatic League c. Columbia n exchange d. Glorious Revolution 38. How did the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers MOST influence popular revolutions in France and in the United States? a. by explaining that society could be improved through scientific discovery b. by challenging the belief in the divine right of kings c. by stressing the importance of military strength d. by examining other countries as models of self-government 39. "If man in the state of nature is free, if be is absolute lord of his own person and possessions, why will be give up his freedom? Wby will be put himself under the control of any person or institution? The obvious answer is that rights in the state of nature are constantly exposed to the attack of otbers. Since every man is equal and since most men do not concern themselves with equity and justice, the enjoyment of rights in the state of nature is unsafe and insecure.Hence each man joins in society with others to preserve bis ife, liberty, and property." John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690 According to Lock and later the American Declaration of Independence, the purpose of government is to a. protect the rights of individuals b. provide a strong military force c. maintain the leader's authority d. establish a court system 40. The Industrial Revolution led to migration from a. coastal to mountainous regions b. North America to Europe. c. rural to urban areas. d. South America to Africa. 41. ".They (tbe Communists) openly declare that their ends can be attained (achieved)only by the forcible overtbrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains.Tbey have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unite!" Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, 1848 The views expressed by Engels and Marx in this passage were developed in reaction to the a. unification of Germany b. Commercial Revolution c. Congress of Vienna d. Industrial Revolution

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mengenolisis, maings, chillier and chocolate across the 37. brought the potatts, the pronouple other other hand, tear of millions died in the to replace the work force they bad decimated). Michael Wood, BBC History (adapted) Which historical development is being described in this quotation? a. establishment of the line of Demarcation b. creation of the Hanseatic League c. Columbia n exchange d. Glorious Revolution 38. How did the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers MOST influence popular revolutions in France and in the United States? a. by explaining that society could be improved through scientific discovery b. by challenging the belief in the divine right of kings c. by stressing the importance of military strength d. by examining other countries as models of self-government 39. "If man in the state of nature is free, if be is absolute lord of his own person and possessions, why will be give up his freedom? Wby will be put himself under the control of any person or institution? The obvious answer is that rights in the state of nature are constantly exposed to the attack of otbers. Since every man is equal and since most men do not concern themselves with equity and justice, the enjoyment of rights in the state of nature is unsafe and insecure.Hence each man joins in society with others to preserve bis ife, liberty, and property." John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690 According to Lock and later the American Declaration of Independence, the purpose of government is to a. protect the rights of individuals b. provide a strong military force c. maintain the leader's authority d. establish a court system 40. The Industrial Revolution led to migration from a. coastal to mountainous regions b. North America to Europe. c. rural to urban areas. d. South America to Africa. 41. ".They (tbe Communists) openly declare that their ends can be attained (achieved)only by the forcible overtbrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains.Tbey have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unite!" Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, 1848 The views expressed by Engels and Marx in this passage were developed in reaction to the a. unification of Germany b. Commercial Revolution c. Congress of Vienna d. Industrial Revolution

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37. **c. Columbian Exchange** The passage describes the transfer of plants (potatoes), diseases (which decimated populations), and forced migration to replace lost labor. These are all key elements of the Columbian Exchange, the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and

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