Question
Terms to Know: Social Studies 20-1 a. Internationalism b. hegemony c. liberal internationalism d. hegemonic internationalism e. revolutionary internationalism f. peacekeeping g. peacemaking h. unilateral i. bilateral j. multilateral k. isolationism I. interventionist m. 160's (Inter-governmental Organization) n. NGO's (Non-governmental Organization) o. Humanitarianism p. environmentalism q. supra -nationalism r. free trade tariffs t. GDP(Gross Domestic Product) u. terrorism v. harmonization w. Schengen Agreement x. continentalism y. Patriotism z. Neutrality
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Madilynn
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Answer
Let's define these key terms related to social studies, focusing on international relations, political science, and economics.**International Relations & Global Governance:*** **a. Internationalism:** The belief in cooperation and collaboration between nations for the common good. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of states and the importance of working together to address global challenges.* **b. Hegemony:** Dominance or leadership, often by one state, over others in a political or economic system. The hegemon sets the rules and norms.* **c. Liberal Internationalism:** A theory emphasizing international cooperation through international organizations and free trade to promote peace and prosperity. It often emphasizes democratic values and human rights.* **d. Hegemonic Internationalism:** A perspective suggesting that international cooperation is most effective when led by a dominant state that provides stability and enforces rules.* **e. Revolutionary Internationalism:** The belief that global change requires a fundamental transformation of the international system, often through revolutionary means, to achieve a more just and equitable world order. Historically associated with communist ideology.* **f. Peacekeeping:** The deployment of international military or civilian personnel to maintain peace and security in conflict zones, often after a ceasefire agreement. Usually involves monitoring and observing.* **g. Peacemaking:** Active diplomatic efforts to resolve conflicts and bring warring parties to a negotiated settlement. It involves mediation, negotiation, and conciliation.* **h. Unilateral:** Action taken by one state independently, without the involvement or agreement of other states.* **i. Bilateral:** Involving two states or parties. A bilateral agreement, for example, is between two countries.* **j. Multilateral:** Involving three or more states or parties. Multilateral agreements and organizations are common in international relations.* **k. Isolationism:** A foreign policy approach where a state withdraws from international affairs and avoids involvement in international organizations or alliances.* **l. Interventionist:** A foreign policy approach where a state actively intervenes in the affairs of other states, often for humanitarian, strategic, or economic reasons.* **m. IGO (Inter-governmental Organization):** An organization composed of sovereign states, established by treaty or agreement, to address common interests. Examples include the United Nations, NATO, and the World Trade Organization.* **n. NGO (Non-governmental Organization):** A private, non-profit organization that operates independently of governments, often focusing on humanitarian, environmental, or social issues. Examples include Amnesty International, Doctors Without Borders, and the Red Cross.* **o. Humanitarianism:** A principle of concern for human well-being and suffering, often motivating aid and intervention efforts.* **p. Environmentalism:** A concern for the protection and preservation of the natural environment. In international relations, it addresses global environmental challenges like climate change.* **q. Supranationalism:** A form of international cooperation where states cede some sovereignty to a higher authority, such as an international organization, to achieve common goals. The European Union is an example.* **r. Free trade:** International trade without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.* **s. Tariffs:** Taxes imposed on imported goods.* **t. GDP (Gross Domestic Product):** The total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific period.* **u. Terrorism:** The use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.* **v. Harmonization:** The process of making standards, regulations, or practices consistent or compatible across different countries or regions.* **w. Schengen Agreement:** An agreement among several European countries abolishing border controls within the Schengen Area, allowing for free movement of people.* **x. Continentalism:** Emphasis on cooperation and integration within a continent, often involving political and economic ties. Similar to regionalism.**National Identity & Political Concepts:*** **y. Patriotism:** Love and devotion to one's country.* **z. Neutrality:** A policy of non-participation in wars or alliances. Neutral states avoid taking sides in international conflicts.