2. Describe each of the four types of norms and give an example for each one. (8 mks) a) Folkways- Example- b) Taboos- Example- c) Mores- Example- d) Laws- Example-

**a) Folkways:** These are informal, everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture. They guide routine social interactions and are often learned through observation and imitation. While not strictly enforced, they contribute to social order and predictability.<br /><br />**Example:** Saying "please" and "thank you," holding the door open for someone, shaking hands when meeting someone new, or eating with utensils.<br /><br /><br />**b) Taboos:** These are deeply ingrained prohibitions against specific behaviors that are considered extremely offensive or repulsive. Violating a taboo often evokes strong emotional reactions and can result in severe social sanctions, including ostracism.<br /><br />**Example:** Incest, cannibalism, desecration of sacred objects or places. In some cultures, certain foods (like pork or beef) might be taboo.<br /><br /><br />**c) Mores:** These are norms that are considered essential to the well-being of a society and are often based on moral values. Violating mores can result in more serious consequences than violating folkways, including social disapproval, punishment, or even legal action.<br /><br />**Example:** Marital infidelity, stealing, lying under oath (perjury), or physical assault. In some cultures, premarital sex or public displays of affection might be considered violations of mores.<br /><br /><br />**d) Laws:** These are formally defined and enforced rules of conduct established by a political authority. They are often codified and carry specific penalties for violations, ranging from fines to imprisonment. Laws are designed to maintain social order and protect the rights of individuals.<br /><br />**Example:** Traffic laws (speed limits, driving under the influence), criminal laws (theft, murder), and civil laws (contract disputes, property rights).<br />