Question 8 (1 point) The inclusion of human rights and freedoms in a constitution has which of the following effects? a) The government is given the sole ability to make, change, or strike down laws b) Police powers are increased during times of crisis c) Judges have the power to review the constitutional validity of laws passed by government d) WiFi accessibility in university classrooms in increased e) An increased ability to hold members of the general public accountable for actions

The correct answer is **c) Judges have the power to review the constitutional validity of laws passed by government.**<br /><br />Here's why:<br /><br />* **Constitutionalism:** A constitution enshrines fundamental rights and freedoms, placing limits on government power. This principle of limited government is core to constitutionalism. The judiciary plays a crucial role in upholding the constitution by reviewing laws passed by the government to ensure they don't infringe upon these protected rights. This process is known as judicial review.<br /><br />Let's look at why the other options are incorrect:<br /><br />* **a) The government is given the sole ability to make, change, or strike down laws:** This is the opposite of what a constitution with human rights protections does. The constitution limits the government's power, and the process for changing the constitution itself is typically more rigorous than ordinary lawmaking.<br />* **b) Police powers are increased during times of crisis:** While some constitutions allow for temporary limitations on rights during emergencies, the inclusion of rights generally aims to *restrict* excessive police power, not expand it.<br />* **d) WiFi accessibility in university classrooms in increased:** This is unrelated to the inclusion of human rights and freedoms in a constitution.<br />* **e) An increased ability to hold members of the general public accountable for actions:** Constitutions primarily focus on the relationship between the government and its citizens, defining the powers of the government and the rights of individuals *vis-à-vis* the state. While some rights might indirectly affect interactions between private citizens, the primary purpose is to limit state power.<br />