Make sure you can answer the following questions: 1. What are the needs and motives of Nation States? 2. What is Arctic sovereignty and why is it important for Canada? 3. What is NATO What do they do? 4. What is the United Nations?What do they do? 5. What is the World Bank?What do they do? 6. What is the International Monetary Fund?What do they do? 7. What is the World Trade Organization?What do they do? 8. What is the European Union?What do they do? 9. Explain what a Democracy is. 10. Explain what a Dictatorship is. 11. What is the connectior between Canada and peacekeeping? 12. What is a current and significant global issue?How is I should Canada addressing it? 13. What is the 0.7% solution?

1. **Needs and Motives of Nation-States:** Nation-states have a complex interplay of needs and motives, often categorized as follows:<br /><br /> * **Security:** Protecting their territory, citizens, and interests from external threats (military, economic, cyber). This includes maintaining law and order internally.<br /> * **Economic Prosperity:** Ensuring a stable and growing economy, providing opportunities for their citizens, and accessing resources and markets.<br /> * **Political Stability:** Maintaining a functioning government, managing internal dissent, and ensuring peaceful transitions of power.<br /> * **Social Welfare:** Providing for the well-being of their citizens, including education, healthcare, and social security.<br /> * **International Recognition and Influence:** Seeking recognition as a legitimate actor on the world stage and influencing international decisions that affect their interests.<br /> * **National Identity and Unity:** Fostering a sense of shared identity and purpose among their citizens. This can involve promoting a particular language, culture, or set of values.<br /><br /><br />2. **Arctic Sovereignty and its Importance for Canada:** Arctic sovereignty refers to Canada's claim over its northern territories, including land, water, and resources within its Arctic archipelago and extending to the North Pole. It's crucial for Canada for several reasons:<br /><br /> * **Resource Control:** The Arctic holds vast untapped resources (oil, gas, minerals) vital for Canada's future economic development.<br /> * **National Security:** Controlling the Arctic allows Canada to monitor and defend its northern borders against potential threats.<br /> * **Environmental Protection:** Canada has a responsibility to protect the fragile Arctic ecosystem.<br /> * **Navigation and Shipping Routes:** Melting ice opens up new shipping routes, and Canada needs to manage these for economic and security reasons.<br /> * **Indigenous Rights:** Protecting the rights and interests of Indigenous peoples who live in the Arctic is a key aspect of Canadian sovereignty.<br /><br /><br />3. **NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization):** NATO is a military alliance formed in 1949. Its primary purpose is collective defense: an attack on one member is considered an attack on all. NATO also promotes political consultation and cooperation among its members.<br /><br /><br />4. **United Nations (UN):** The UN is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1945 to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.<br /><br /><br />5. **World Bank:** The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to developing countries for capital programs. Its goals are to reduce poverty and support development.<br /><br /><br />6. **International Monetary Fund (IMF):** The IMF promotes international monetary cooperation and exchange rate stability. It provides financial assistance to countries experiencing balance of payments problems.<br /><br /><br />7. **World Trade Organization (WTO):** The WTO regulates international trade. It aims to reduce trade barriers and ensure a level playing field for all member countries.<br /><br /><br />8. **European Union (EU):** The EU is a political and economic union of 27 European countries. It promotes peace, its values, and the well-being of its citizens. The EU operates a single market and has a common currency (the euro) among many of its members.<br /><br /><br />9. **Democracy:** A system of government where supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation, typically involving periodic free and fair elections.<br /><br /><br />10. **Dictatorship:** A form of government where a single person or a small group holds absolute power without effective constitutional limitations.<br /><br /><br />11. **Canada and Peacekeeping:** Canada has a long and proud history of participating in international peacekeeping operations. It played a key role in the development of UN peacekeeping and has contributed personnel and resources to numerous missions around the world.<br /><br /><br />12. **Current Significant Global Issue & Canada's Role: Climate Change:** Climate change is a pressing global issue. Canada is impacted by melting permafrost, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events. Canada's role should be to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, invest in renewable energy, and participate in international efforts to address climate change.<br /><br /><br />13. **The 0.7% Solution:** This refers to the target set by the UN for developed countries to contribute 0.7% of their Gross National Income (GNI) to Official Development Assistance (ODA), which is aid aimed at promoting economic development and welfare in developing countries.<br />