What is asymmetrical federalism in the context of Canadian politics? A system where all provinces have identi- cal powers and respon- sibilities. A framework allow- ing certain provinces to have different powers than others A policy ensuring equal representation of all provinces in Ottawa. A structure where the federal government holds all legislative au- thority.

The correct answer is **B. A framework allowing certain provinces to have different powers than others.**<br /><br />Asymmetrical federalism, in the Canadian context, refers to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces where some provinces have greater autonomy or specific powers compared to others. This is in contrast to symmetrical federalism, where all constituent units (provinces/states) have the same relationship with the central government.<br /><br />Several factors contribute to this asymmetry in Canada:<br /><br />* **Distinct needs and histories:** Provinces like Quebec, with its unique linguistic and cultural identity, have negotiated specific powers related to immigration, language, and cultural preservation. Other provinces, like Newfoundland and Labrador, entered Confederation with distinct agreements regarding natural resources.<br />* **Amendments and judicial interpretations:** Over time, constitutional amendments and court decisions have led to variations in provincial jurisdictions.<br />* **Intergovernmental agreements:** Negotiations and agreements between the federal government and individual provinces can result in asymmetrical arrangements regarding specific policy areas.<br /><br /><br />The other options are incorrect:<br /><br />* **A system where all provinces have identical powers and responsibilities:** This describes symmetrical federalism, not the Canadian model.<br />* **A policy ensuring equal representation of all provinces in Ottawa:** While the Senate is designed to provide regional representation, it doesn't define asymmetrical federalism. Furthermore, representation in the House of Commons is based on population, not provincial equality.<br />* **A structure where the federal government holds all legislative authority:** This describes a unitary system, not a federal one.<br />