4. Governer general gives royal assent making the bill a law What are the roles of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of Canada's federal political system?How do they interact with each other?

The Canadian federal political system operates on a principle of separation of powers, distributed among the three branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. While distinct, these branches interact and provide checks and balances on each other to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.<br /><br />**1. Executive Branch:**<br /><br />* **Role:** The Executive branch is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws passed by the Legislative branch. It is headed by the Prime Minister, who chooses a Cabinet from elected Members of Parliament (MPs). The Governor General, representing the Monarch, formally appoints the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The Governor General also gives Royal Assent to bills passed by Parliament, formally making them law. The public service, including various government departments and agencies, supports the work of the Cabinet.<br />* **Interaction:** The Executive branch is accountable to the Legislative branch. The Prime Minister and Cabinet must maintain the confidence of the House of Commons to stay in power. The House can force the government to resign through a vote of non-confidence. The Judicial branch can review the actions of the Executive branch to ensure they are consistent with the Constitution and other laws.<br /><br />**2. Legislative Branch:**<br /><br />* **Role:** The Legislative branch is responsible for making laws. It consists of the Parliament, which is bicameral, meaning it has two chambers: the House of Commons and the Senate. The House of Commons is elected directly by the people, while the Senate is appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister. Bills must be passed by both the House of Commons and the Senate before they can receive Royal Assent and become law. The Legislative branch also has the power to approve the government's budget and to hold the Executive branch accountable through questioning and debates.<br />* **Interaction:** The Legislative branch creates the laws that the Executive branch implements. It also scrutinizes the Executive branch's actions and can remove the government from power through a vote of non-confidence. The Judicial branch interprets the laws passed by the Legislative branch and can strike down laws that are deemed unconstitutional.<br /><br />**3. Judicial Branch:**<br /><br />* **Role:** The Judicial branch is responsible for interpreting and applying the laws of Canada. It is headed by the Supreme Court of Canada, which is the highest court in the country. Other federal courts include the Federal Court of Appeal, the Federal Court, the Tax Court of Canada, and the Court Martial Appeal Court. Judges are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The Judicial branch ensures that laws are applied fairly and consistently across the country.<br />* **Interaction:** The Judicial branch interprets the laws passed by the Legislative branch and can strike them down if they are found to be unconstitutional. It can also review the actions of the Executive branch to ensure they are in accordance with the law. While the Executive branch appoints judges, the judiciary operates independently to ensure impartiality in the application of the law.<br /><br /><br />In summary, the three branches of Canada's federal political system work together in a dynamic relationship. They are separate and distinct, yet they interact and provide checks and balances on each other to ensure a balance of power and the protection of individual rights and freedoms.<br />