LESSON 7.1 RISE OF COLD WAR __ 20= 2. What was the first conflict over? 3. What was the Truman Doctrine? 4. What is containment? 5. What was the Marshall Plan? 6. What were two effects of the Marshall Plan? 7. Explain the situation in Berlin. 8. DEFINE N.A.T.O. 9. DEFINE WARSAW PACT 10. What country became communist in 1949? 11. How was Korea divided? 12. How did the Korean conflict end in 1953? 13. Explain how the RED SCARE caused McCarthyism and the creation of HUAC: __ 1. DEFINE COLD WAR:

**LESSON 7.1 RISE OF COLD WAR**<br /><br />1. **DEFINE COLD WAR:** A state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular. The Cold War specifically refers to the state of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and its satellite states, and the United States and its allies after World War II.<br /><br />2. **What was the first conflict over?** The first major conflict of the Cold War centered around the future of Eastern Europe as the Soviet Union sought to establish communist governments in the countries it occupied at the end of World War II, while the Western Allies aimed for democratic self-determination.<br /><br />3. **What was the Truman Doctrine?** The Truman Doctrine (1947) was a US policy of providing economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey, and by extension any country threatened by communism, to prevent its spread.<br /><br />4. **What is containment?** Containment was a US foreign policy strategy to prevent the spread of communism by diplomatic, economic, and military means. It aimed to "contain" Soviet influence within its existing borders.<br /><br />5. **What was the Marshall Plan?** The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was a US program providing aid (financial and material) to Western Europe to rebuild after World War II.<br /><br />6. **What were two effects of the Marshal Plan?** Two effects of the Marshall Plan were: 1) It stimulated economic recovery in Western Europe, and 2) It strengthened ties between the US and Western European countries, making them less susceptible to communist influence.<br /><br />7. **Explain the situation in Berlin.** After WWII, Berlin, located deep within Soviet-occupied East Germany, was divided into four sectors controlled by the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union. In 1948, Stalin blockaded West Berlin to try and force the Western Allies out. The Allies responded with the Berlin Airlift, supplying West Berlin by air for over a year until the blockade was lifted.<br /><br />8. **DEFINE N.A.T.O.:** The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), formed in 1949, is a military alliance of North American and European countries. Its founding principle was collective defense, meaning an attack on one member would be considered an attack on all.<br /><br />9. **DEFINE WARSAW PACT:** The Warsaw Pact, formed in 1955, was a military alliance of communist states in Eastern Europe, organized by the Soviet Union as a response to NATO.<br /><br />10. **What country became communist in 1949?** China became communist in 1949 under the leadership of Mao Zedong.<br /><br />11. **How was Korea divided?** After World War II, Korea was divided along the 38th parallel, with the Soviet-backed communist North Korea and the US-backed South Korea.<br /><br />12. **How did the Korean conflict end in 1953?** The Korean War (1950-1953) ended with an armistice agreement that established a demilitarized zone (DMZ) near the 38th parallel, essentially maintaining the pre-war division. No peace treaty was ever signed, leaving the two Koreas technically still at war.<br /><br />13. **Explain how the RED SCARE caused McCarthyism and the creation of HUAC:** The Red Scare, a period of intense fear of communist infiltration and subversion within the US, fueled Senator Joseph McCarthy's rise to prominence. McCarthy made unsubstantiated accusations of communist influence in the government and other institutions. This period of intense anti-communist paranoia, known as McCarthyism, coincided with the activities of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), which investigated suspected communist activity in various sectors of American society. Both HUAC and McCarthyism contributed to a climate of fear and suspicion, damaging reputations and careers.<br />