Short-answer questions 1. Describe the role of Hippocrates in history. 2. State the basic principle of the Hippocratic Oath. 3. Name the first woman to graduate from a college of dentistry. 4. Name the first woman to practice dentistry in the United States. 5. Name the first African American woman to receive a dental degree in the United States. 6. Name the first African American to receive the DMD degree from Harvard University. 7. Discuss the contributions of Horace H. Hayden and Chapin A. Harris. 8. Describe two major contributions of G. V. Black. 9. Name the first dentist to employ a dental assistant. 10. Name the first Native American Indian dentist. 11. Name the scientist who discovered x-rays. 12. Name the physician who first used inhalation sedation for tooth extractions. 13. Discuss the purpose and activities of the National Museum of Dentistry.

1. Hippocrates is considered the "Father of Medicine." He is credited with shifting medical practice away from superstition and toward observation and scientific reasoning. He emphasized the importance of diet, hygiene, and rest in maintaining health. His teachings, compiled in the *Hippocratic Corpus*, greatly influenced the development of Western medicine.<br /><br />2. The basic principle of the Hippocratic Oath is "First, do no harm" (primum non nocere). It emphasizes the physician's responsibility to act in the best interests of the patient and to avoid causing harm.<br /><br />3. Lucy Hobbs Taylor<br /><br />4. Emeline Roberts Jones<br /><br />5. Ida Gray Nelson Rollins<br /><br />6. Robert Tanner Freeman<br /><br />7. Horace H. Hayden and Chapin A. Harris are considered the founders of organized dentistry in the United States. They established the first dental college, the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, in 1840, and co-founded the first national dental organization, the American Society of Dental Surgeons.<br /><br />8. G.V. Black, known as the "father of modern dentistry," made numerous contributions. Two major ones include: 1) Standardizing dental cavity preparations, which led to more predictable and longer-lasting restorations. 2) Developing a system for classifying dental caries (cavities) that is still used today.<br /><br />9. C. Edmund Kells<br /><br />10. Jessica Rickert<br /><br />11. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen<br /><br />12. Horace Wells<br /><br />13. The National Museum of Dentistry, located in Baltimore, Maryland, collects, preserves, and interprets the history of dentistry and its impact on society. It aims to educate the public about the importance of oral health and the evolution of dental practices through exhibits, educational programs, and research.<br />