10. Cells directly obtain energy to fuel their activities from A. photosynthesis B. cytoplasmic streaming C. cellular respiration D. cellular transport 13. Write the word and chemical equations for the process of cellular respiration in the space below: word equation: balanced equation: 14. Specialized cells that regulate the movement of water and other gases in and out of the leaf of the plant are known as A. guard cells B. mesophyll cells C. palisade cells D. companion cells 15. The process of water vapour leaving a leaf through the stomata is called A.transpiration B. transportation C. respiration D. diffusion 16. When a potassium ion (K^+) enters a guard cell.it creates a solution of A. high water concentration inside the guard cells B. low water concentration inside the guard cells C. low water concentration outside the guard cells D. low ion concentration inside the guard cells

10. **C. cellular respiration**<br /><br />Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Photosynthesis produces glucose, but the energy isn't directly usable by the cell until respiration converts it into ATP. Cytoplasmic streaming and cellular transport are processes that require energy, but they don't directly provide it.<br /><br />13. **Cellular Respiration Equations:**<br /><br />* **Word equation:** Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)<br />* **Balanced equation:** C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)<br /><br />14. **A. guard cells**<br /><br />Guard cells surround the stomata and control their opening and closing, thus regulating gas and water exchange. Mesophyll cells are involved in photosynthesis, palisade cells are a type of mesophyll cell, and companion cells assist phloem cells in sugar transport.<br /><br />15. **A. transpiration**<br /><br />Transpiration is the specific term for water vapor loss from the stomata of leaves. Transportation is a more general term for movement, respiration is energy production, and diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration.<br /><br />16. **A. high water concentration inside the guard cells**<br /><br />When potassium ions (K⁺) enter guard cells, they decrease the water potential inside the cells. This causes water to move into the guard cells by osmosis, increasing the water concentration and turgor pressure within them, leading to the opening of the stomata.<br />