16.The Official Languages Act (1969): a. made federal government services available in English and French b. required all Canadians to learn French and English c. provided French language education in all provinces d. made French and English the official languages in Parliament 17.The victory of Jean Lesage in 1960 ushered in which program in Québec: a. The Quiet Revolution b. sovereignty-association c. La Liberté du Québec d. Les Raillements des Créditistes 18. This political movement gained momentum in Québec during the 1960s: a. isolationism b. separatism c.federalism d. annexationism 19. René Lévesque founded which political party in 1968? a. Union nationale b. les actions directes c. Parti Québécois d. Raillements des Créditistes 20. The FLQ felt the Québécois had been victimized and mistreated by: a. their own government b. the Parti Québécois c. large American corporations active in Québec d. English Canadians 21. Which of the following did not characterize the FLQ? a. kidnapping b. mail bombs c. radical political views d. running candidates in elections 22.In order to counter the crisis in Québec in October of 1970.the Trudeau government: a. started negotiations with the kidnappers b. claimed the problem was Québec's alone c. invoked the War Measures Act d. did nothing 23.The stated reason the War Measures Act was invoked in October 1970: a. the FLQ had declared war on Canada b. Pierre Trudeau declared war on the FLQ c. the government feared an armed revolution was about to occur in Québec d. Trudeau wanted to intimidate the people of Québec

16. **a. made federal government services available in English and French.** The Official Languages Act of 1969 aimed to make English and French equally available in federal institutions. It didn't require all Canadians to be bilingual or mandate French education in all provinces.<br /><br />17. **a. The Quiet Revolution.** Jean Lesage's victory and subsequent leadership ushered in the Quiet Revolution, a period of significant social, political, and economic change in Québec.<br /><br />18. **b. separatism.** The idea of Québec separating from Canada gained significant traction during the 1960s.<br /><br />19. **c. Parti Québécois.** René Lévesque founded the Parti Québécois, a party dedicated to Québec sovereignty.<br /><br />20. **d. English Canadians.** The FLQ believed that the Québécois were oppressed and disadvantaged by English Canadians, whom they saw as controlling the economy and culture.<br /><br />21. **d. running candidates in elections.** The FLQ was a radical separatist group that used violence and terrorism to achieve its goals. They did not participate in the electoral process.<br /><br />22. **c. invoked the War Measures Act.** The Trudeau government invoked the War Measures Act, granting extensive powers to law enforcement in response to the October Crisis.<br /><br />23. **c. the government feared an armed revolution was about to occur in Québec.** The stated reason for invoking the War Measures Act was the perceived threat of imminent insurrection by the FLQ. While the FLQ's actions were violent, they hadn't formally declared war, and Trudeau's actions were based on preventing further escalation and maintaining order.<br />