11. During which phase of meiosis does the DNA undergo replication? x Prophase I B. Metaphase I C. Anaphase I D. Prior to Meiosis I during interphase 12. What is the difference between anaphase I and anaphase II in meiosis? A. Anaphase I separates homologous chromosomes, while anaphase II separates sister chromatids. B. Anaphase l occurs in diploid cells, while anaphase II occurs in haploid cells. C. Anaphase I Involves crossing over while anaphase II does not. D. Anaphase l occurs before cytokinesis, while anaphase II occurs after. 13. In a species with a diploid chromosome number o(24)how many chromosomes will be present in each gamete after meiosis? 12 B. 24 C. 48 D. 6 14. At the beginning of meiosis, how many,sister chromatids are present in a cell with a diploid number of 8? A. 8 (B. 16 C. 4 D. 32 15. Which of the following accurately describes the role of the oocyte during oogenesis? A. It undergoes meiosis to produce four functional gametes. (B) It undergoes asymmetric division. producing one large functional gamete and polar bodies. C. It results in the production of diploid eggs. D. It can produce sperm cells as well. B. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. C. The division of cytoplasm during cell division. D. The random assortment of chromosomes during metaphase. 17. What happens to the chromosome number in What happened by nondisjunction during Melosis I? A. All gametes will have a normal chromosome number. B. Half of the gametes will be diploid. Half will have one extra chromosome, and half will have one less. D. All gametes will be haploid. 18. If nondisjunction occurs during Meiosis II, what is the expected outcome for the gametes? A. Two normal gametes and two with an abnormal number of chromosomes. B. Four gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes. ) Two gametes with an extra chromosome and two gametes with one less. D. All gametes will be normal. 19. What term describes the condition of having three copies of a chromosome instead of the normal two due to nondisjunction? A. Monosomy (B.) Trisomy C. Polyploidy D. Aneuploidy 20. If a gamete with an extra chromosome (n+1 fuses with a normal gamete (n), what will b the chromosome number of the resulting zygote? A. 2n B. 2n+1 C. 2n-1 D. n+1

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11. During which phase of meiosis does the DNA undergo replication? x Prophase I B. Metaphase I C. Anaphase I D. Prior to Meiosis I during interphase 12. What is the difference between anaphase I and anaphase II in meiosis? A. Anaphase I separates homologous chromosomes, while anaphase II separates sister chromatids. B. Anaphase l occurs in diploid cells, while anaphase II occurs in haploid cells. C. Anaphase I Involves crossing over while anaphase II does not. D. Anaphase l occurs before cytokinesis, while anaphase II occurs after. 13. In a species with a diploid chromosome number o(24)how many chromosomes will be present in each gamete after meiosis? 12 B. 24 C. 48 D. 6 14. At the beginning of meiosis, how many,sister chromatids are present in a cell with a diploid number of 8? A. 8 (B. 16 C. 4 D. 32 15. Which of the following accurately describes the role of the oocyte during oogenesis? A. It undergoes meiosis to produce four functional gametes. (B) It undergoes asymmetric division. producing one large functional gamete and polar bodies. C. It results in the production of diploid eggs. D. It can produce sperm cells as well. B. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. C. The division of cytoplasm during cell division. D. The random assortment of chromosomes during metaphase. 17. What happens to the chromosome number in What happened by nondisjunction during Melosis I? A. All gametes will have a normal chromosome number. B. Half of the gametes will be diploid. Half will have one extra chromosome, and half will have one less. D. All gametes will be haploid. 18. If nondisjunction occurs during Meiosis II, what is the expected outcome for the gametes? A. Two normal gametes and two with an abnormal number of chromosomes. B. Four gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes. ) Two gametes with an extra chromosome and two gametes with one less. D. All gametes will be normal. 19. What term describes the condition of having three copies of a chromosome instead of the normal two due to nondisjunction? A. Monosomy (B.) Trisomy C. Polyploidy D. Aneuploidy 20. If a gamete with an extra chromosome (n+1 fuses with a normal gamete (n), what will b the chromosome number of the resulting zygote? A. 2n B. 2n+1 C. 2n-1 D. n+1

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11. **D. Prior to Meiosis I during interphase** DNA replication always occurs before cell division. In meiosis, this happens during the S phase of interphase, which precedes meiosis I. Meiosis I then begins with Prophase I. 12. **A. Anaphase I separates homologous chromosomes, while anaphase II separates sister chromatids.** This is the key difference between the two anaphase stages. In anaphase I, the *paired* homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. In anaphase II, the *sister chromatids* of each chromosome separate. 13. **A. 12** Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half. If the diploid number (2n) is 24, the haploid number (n) in gametes will be 24 / 2 = 12. 14. **B. 16** Before meiosis, DNA replication occurs. A diploid cell with 8 chromosomes will replicate its DNA, resulting in 8 chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids. Therefore, there are 8 x 2 = 16 sister chromatids. 15. **B. It undergoes asymmetric division, producing one large functional gamete and polar bodies.** In oogenesis, cytokinesis is unequal, resulting in one large oocyte (egg) receiving most of the cytoplasm and smaller polar bodies that typically degenerate. This ensures that the single functional egg has ample resources for development if fertilized. 17. **C. Half of the gametes will have one extra chromosome, and half will have one less.** Nondisjunction in meiosis I means homologous chromosomes fail to separate. This results in two gametes with an extra chromosome (n+1) and two gametes with a missing chromosome (n-1). 18. **A. Two normal gametes and two with an abnormal number of chromosomes.** Nondisjunction in meiosis II affects only one chromosome pair. Sister chromatids fail to separate, leading to two normal gametes (n) and two abnormal gametes (one n+1 and one n-1). 19. **B. Trisomy** Trisomy refers to the presence of three copies of a particular chromosome in a cell, resulting from nondisjunction. 20. **B. 2n+1** If a gamete with an extra chromosome (n+1) fuses with a normal gamete (n), the resulting zygote will have 2n+1 chromosomes. This is a trisomic condition.

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