In a flowchart on a blank piece of paper outline the body's response to both of the following physiological thermoregulation responses. Heat Stress - what is the body's response to heat stress? Include the behavioral and physiological responses that occur. Cold Stress - what is the body's response to cold stress? Include the behavioral and physiologica I responses that occur. Include and identify the following 5 steps: - stimulus receptor/sensor control center effectors response.

## Body's Response to Heat and Cold Stress: Flowcharts<br /><br />Here's a breakdown of the body's thermoregulation responses to heat and cold stress, outlined in a flowchart format, incorporating the five key steps.<br /><br />**Heat Stress Flowchart:**<br /><br />```<br />[Start] --> Stimulus: Increased Body Temperature (above set point)<br /><br />--> Receptor/Sensor: Thermoreceptors in skin and hypothalamus detect heat<br /><br />--> Control Center: Hypothalamus (preoptic area) receives and processes information<br /><br />--> Effectors:<br /> * Sweat Glands: Increased sweat production<br /> * Blood Vessels (skin): Vasodilation (widening)<br /> * Behavioral Responses: Seeking shade, removing clothing, consuming cool drinks<br /><br />--> Response:<br /> * Evaporation of sweat cools skin<br /> * Increased blood flow to skin radiates heat<br /> * Behavioral changes minimize heat gain<br /><br />--> Result: Body temperature decreases towards set point --> [End if temperature returns to normal range]<br /> --> [Loop back to Receptor/Sensor if temperature remains high]<br />```<br /><br /><br />**Cold Stress Flowchart:**<br /><br />```<br />[Start] --> Stimulus: Decreased Body Temperature (below set point)<br /><br />--> Receptor/Sensor: Thermoreceptors in skin and hypothalamus detect cold<br /><br />--> Control Center: Hypothalamus (posterior area) receives and processes information<br /><br />--> Effectors:<br /> * Muscles: Shivering (generates heat)<br /> * Blood Vessels (skin): Vasoconstriction (narrowing)<br /> * Hair Follicles: Piloerection (goosebumps - traps air for insulation)<br /> * Behavioral Responses: Seeking warmth, adding clothing, consuming warm drinks<br /><br />--> Response:<br /> * Muscle contractions produce heat<br /> * Reduced blood flow to skin minimizes heat loss<br /> * Trapped air provides insulation<br /> * Behavioral changes maximize heat retention<br /><br />--> Result: Body temperature increases towards set point --> [End if temperature returns to normal range]<br /> --> [Loop back to Receptor/Sensor if temperature remains low]<br />```<br /><br /><br />**Explanation of the 5 Steps:**<br /><br />1. **Stimulus:** The change in the internal or external environment that triggers the response. In this case, it's the deviation of body temperature from the set point.<br /><br />2. **Receptor/Sensor:** Specialized cells or structures that detect the stimulus. Thermoreceptors in the skin and hypothalamus sense changes in temperature.<br /><br />3. **Control Center:** The part of the body that processes information from the receptors and initiates the appropriate response. The hypothalamus acts as the thermoregulatory control center.<br /><br />4. **Effectors:** Organs, tissues, or cells that carry out the response. These include sweat glands, blood vessels, muscles, and hair follicles, as well as behavioral responses.<br /><br />5. **Response:** The specific action(s) taken by the effectors to counteract the stimulus and restore homeostasis. These actions ultimately lead to an increase or decrease in body temperature, bringing it back towards the set point.<br /><br /><br />This flowchart format clearly outlines the steps involved in thermoregulation, highlighting the interconnectedness of the different components and the feedback mechanisms that maintain a stable body temperature. Remember to draw these as separate flowcharts on your paper, using appropriate shapes (e.g., ovals for start/end, rectangles for processes, diamonds for decisions).<br />