0. Answer true or false to the following. 1 Chromosomes contain information that is used to produce proteins. 2. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus 3. RNA is part of a chromosome 4 DNA has a different sugar (deoxyribose) in its structure than RNA 5. DNA is the biochemical molecule that makes up the chromosome. 6. DNA is found in ribosomes. 7. Messenger RNA is found in the mitochondria. 8. Proteins are assembled in the mitochondria. 9. Ribose is an example of a nucleotide. 10. An anticodon is made up of three nucleotides and is found on the tRNA 11. Uracil is a base pair found on DNA. 12. A molecule of adenine matches with a molecule of cytosine. 13. Transcription involves the copying of the DNA code with messenger RNA. 14. Translation occurs when DNA is changed into mRNA. 15. Each base on the mRNA strand gives the information for an amino acid. 16. There are only 20 different amino acids that combine to make a protein 17. During DNA replication new strands are added to a splitting molecule of DNA 18. The message for producing protein is found in the ribosomes. 19. Transfer RNA has a specific anticodon for a specific amino acid that it carries. 20. A nucleotide is made up of a base, a sugar, and a phosphate. 21. Cytosine is an example of a base found on either DNA or mRNA. 22. Thymine is an example of a base found on either DNA or mRNA 23. Uracil is a base found only in mRNA and binds to the adenine on the DNA strand. 24. When amino acids join they form peptide bonds and eventually proteins.

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0. Answer true or false to the following. 1 Chromosomes contain information that is used to produce proteins. 2. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus 3. RNA is part of a chromosome 4 DNA has a different sugar (deoxyribose) in its structure than RNA 5. DNA is the biochemical molecule that makes up the chromosome. 6. DNA is found in ribosomes. 7. Messenger RNA is found in the mitochondria. 8. Proteins are assembled in the mitochondria. 9. Ribose is an example of a nucleotide. 10. An anticodon is made up of three nucleotides and is found on the tRNA 11. Uracil is a base pair found on DNA. 12. A molecule of adenine matches with a molecule of cytosine. 13. Transcription involves the copying of the DNA code with messenger RNA. 14. Translation occurs when DNA is changed into mRNA. 15. Each base on the mRNA strand gives the information for an amino acid. 16. There are only 20 different amino acids that combine to make a protein 17. During DNA replication new strands are added to a splitting molecule of DNA 18. The message for producing protein is found in the ribosomes. 19. Transfer RNA has a specific anticodon for a specific amino acid that it carries. 20. A nucleotide is made up of a base, a sugar, and a phosphate. 21. Cytosine is an example of a base found on either DNA or mRNA. 22. Thymine is an example of a base found on either DNA or mRNA 23. Uracil is a base found only in mRNA and binds to the adenine on the DNA strand. 24. When amino acids join they form peptide bonds and eventually proteins.

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1. **True.** Chromosomes contain genes, which are sequences of DNA that code for proteins. 2. **True.** Chromosomes are located within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. 3. **False.** RNA is synthesized *from* the DNA template found *in* a chromosome, but it is not a structural component of the chromosome itself. Chromosomes are primarily composed of DNA and proteins. 4. **True.** DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar. 5. **True.** DNA is the primary nucleic acid that makes up the structure of a chromosome. 6. **False.** DNA is found in the nucleus (and in mitochondria and chloroplasts). Ribosomes are where protein synthesis occurs. 7. **False.** Messenger RNA (mRNA) is transcribed in the nucleus and then travels to the cytoplasm where it binds to ribosomes. Mitochondria have their own separate, smaller ribosomes and mRNA. 8. **False.** Proteins are primarily assembled by ribosomes in the cytoplasm (and to a lesser extent by ribosomes within mitochondria and chloroplasts). 9. **False.** Ribose is a sugar. A nucleotide is composed of a sugar (like ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. 10. **True.** An anticodon is a three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA. 11. **False.** Uracil is found on RNA. Thymine is found on DNA (and pairs with adenine). 12. **False.** Adenine pairs with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA). Cytosine pairs with guanine. 13. **True.** Transcription is the process of creating an mRNA copy of a DNA sequence. 14. **False.** Translation is the process where the mRNA code is used to synthesize a protein. Transcription is when DNA is changed into mRNA. 15. **False.** A sequence of three bases on mRNA (a codon) codes for one amino acid. 16. **True.** There are 20 standard amino acids used in protein synthesis. 17. **True.** During DNA replication, the DNA molecule unwinds and splits, and new complementary strands are synthesized using each original strand as a template. 18. **False.** The message for producing a protein is carried by mRNA, which is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. 19. **True.** Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon that corresponds to that amino acid's codon on mRNA. 20. **True.** A nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. 21. **True.** Cytosine is a base found in both DNA and RNA. 22. **False.** Thymine is found only in DNA. Uracil replaces thymine in RNA. 23. **True.** Uracil is specific to RNA and pairs with adenine during transcription. 24. **True.** Peptide bonds link amino acids together to form polypeptide chains, which fold to become proteins.

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