11. Reproduction Explain the meaning of each of the following. 1. Implantation: __ 2. Fertilization: __ 3. Menstruation: __ 4. Ovulation: __ 5. Menopause: __

1. **Implantation:** The process by which the developing embryo embeds itself into the lining of the uterus (endometrium). This is a crucial step for establishing pregnancy, as it allows the embryo to receive nutrients and oxygen from the mother.<br /><br />2. **Fertilization:** The fusion of the male gamete (sperm) and the female gamete (ovum/egg) to form a single cell called a zygote. This usually occurs in the fallopian tube and marks the beginning of a new individual's development.<br /><br />3. **Menstruation:** The cyclical shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) if fertilization does not occur. This process involves the discharge of blood and tissue through the vagina and typically occurs monthly in reproductive-aged females.<br /><br />4. **Ovulation:** The release of a mature egg (ovum) from the ovary. The egg then travels down the fallopian tube where it can be fertilized by sperm. Ovulation is a key part of the menstrual cycle.<br /><br />5. **Menopause:** The permanent cessation of menstruation, marking the end of a woman's reproductive years. It is typically diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period and is associated with declining estrogen levels.<br />