What are secondary sources? a. academic writing that involves nugatory interests b. academic writing that is available online c. academic writing that interviews with individual scholars d. academic writing that interprets of comments upon primary sources. e. academic writing that focuses on tertiary sources.

The answer is **d. academic writing that interprets or comments upon primary sources.**<br /><br />Secondary sources analyze, interpret, or critique primary sources. They offer a "second look" at the original material. Examples include:<br /><br />* **Books and articles that analyze events or documents:** A history book about the Civil War, a literary critique of a novel, or a scientific article reviewing previous research.<br />* **Biographies:** While they might draw on primary sources like letters, biographies themselves are considered secondary sources.<br />* **Textbooks:** These synthesize information from multiple sources, primarily primary ones, but the textbook itself is a secondary source.<br />* **Literature reviews:** These summarize and analyze existing research on a particular topic.<br /><br /><br />The other options are incorrect:<br /><br />* **a. academic writing that involves nugatory interests:** While some academic writing might explore less mainstream topics, the definition of a secondary source hinges on its relationship to primary sources, not the subject matter's perceived importance.<br />* **b. academic writing that is available online:** Availability online doesn't determine whether a source is primary or secondary. Both types can be found online and offline.<br />* **c. academic writing that interviews with individual scholars:** Interviews can be primary sources, depending on the context. An academic article *about* those interviews would be a secondary source.<br />* **e. academic writing that focuses on tertiary sources:** Tertiary sources compile and summarize secondary sources. Academic writing focusing on *tertiary* sources would be a further step removed from the original primary material.<br />