2) What are different ways of asexual reproduction in eukaryotes? 3) What are 4 stages of mitosis and describe each stage in your own words. 4) What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? 5) Where and when in the body mitosis occur? 6) Where and when in the body meiosis occur? 7) What is the need of crossing over? 8) Describe the process of Schizogony in your own words? 9) Why is it incorrect to call mitosis "cell division"?

2) **Different Ways of Asexual Reproduction in Eukaryotes:**<br /><br /> - **Binary Fission:** Common in unicellular organisms like amoebas and paramecia, where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.<br /> - **Budding:** Seen in yeast and some multicellular organisms like hydra, where a new organism grows out of the body of the parent.<br /> - **Fragmentation:** Occurs in organisms like starfish and planarians, where the body breaks into pieces, each capable of growing into a new organism.<br /> - **Sporulation:** In fungi and some algae, spores are produced that can develop into new individuals.<br /> - **Vegetative Propagation:** In plants, new individuals arise from vegetative parts like roots, stems, or leaves.<br /><br />3) **Four Stages of Mitosis:**<br /><br /> - **Prophase:** Chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear envelope begins to disintegrate, and spindle fibers start to form.<br /> - **Metaphase:** Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate (center of the cell), and spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.<br /> - **Anaphase:** Sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers toward opposite poles of the cell.<br /> - **Telophase:** Chromatids reach the poles, decondense back into chromatin, and are enclosed by a reformed nuclear envelope. This is followed by cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate cells.<br /><br />4) **Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis:**<br /><br /> - **Mitosis** results in two genetically identical diploid daughter cells and involves one division cycle. It is used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.<br /> - **Meiosis** results in four genetically diverse haploid gametes and involves two division cycles. It is essential for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.<br /><br />5) **Where and When Mitosis Occurs:**<br /><br /> Mitosis occurs in somatic (body) cells throughout an organism's life. It is responsible for growth, tissue repair, and cellular replacement. For example, skin cells undergo mitosis frequently to replace dead or damaged cells.<br /><br />6) **Where and When Meiosis Occurs:**<br /><br /> Meiosis occurs in the germ cells within the reproductive organs (ovaries in females and testes in males). It takes place during the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs) and is crucial for sexual reproduction.<br /><br />7) **Need for Crossing Over:**<br /><br /> Crossing over is a process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This increases genetic variation among offspring, which is beneficial for evolution and adaptation to changing environments.<br /><br />8) **Process of Schizogony:**<br /><br /> Schizogony is a type of asexual reproduction seen in some protozoans, such as Plasmodium (the malaria parasite). The nucleus divides multiple times before the cell divides, resulting in several daughter cells. This allows rapid multiplication within the host.<br /><br />9) **Why It Is Incorrect to Call Mitosis "Cell Division":**<br /><br /> While mitosis is a part of cell division, it specifically refers to the division of the nucleus and its contents. Cell division also includes cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm and other cell components. Therefore, calling mitosis "cell division" overlooks the complete process involved in creating two separate cells.