What observations did Charles Darwin make about finches in the Galápagos Islands? a. The same species of finches lived on all the islands. b. Different species of finches lived on different islands. c. Various species of finches lived on just one of the islands. d. Identical species of finches lived in South America. Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce a. fewer mutations. b. more offspring c. stronger genes. d. better traits

The correct answers are:<br /><br />* **b. Different species of finches lived on different islands.** Darwin observed that while the finches shared a common ancestor, different finch species had adapted to the specific environments of the various islands. Most notably, their beak shapes had evolved to best suit the available food sources on each island.<br /><br />* **b. more offspring.** This encapsulates the core idea of natural selection. Organisms with advantageous traits in a given environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those beneficial traits on to their offspring. This leads to a greater representation of those advantageous traits in the population over time.<br />