A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the term or name that best matches the description. A term or name may be used more than once or not at all. a. creoles g. Bemardo O'Higgins b. Simon Bolfvar h. Saint-Domingue C. inestizos 1. peninsulares d. José Marin Morelos J. Toussaint L:Ouverture C. inulattos k. José de San Martin f. Miguel Hidalgo 1. Santo Domingo 1. He was a priest who issued the Grito de Dolores, a call for a peasant rebellion in Mexico. 2. This was the name of the French third of the island of Hispaniola. 3. He led a slave revolt that ended slavery on the island of Hispaniola. 4. This term was used in Latin America to describe people of mixed European and Indian ancestry. 5. This term was used in Latin America to describe Latin Americans born in Spain. 6. He was known as Libertador. 7. After winning independence for Argentina and Chile he gave up command of his army. 8. This term was used in Latin America to describe people of mixed European and African ancestry. 9. He was a priest who was also a skillful military leader. 10. He led his forces against the Spanish army in the Battle of Ayacucho, the last major battle in the Spanish colonies' war for independence. 11. This term was used in Latin America to describe Spaniards born in Latin America. 12. This term names the people at the top of Spanish American society. B. Extended Response Briefly answer the following question on the back of this paper. Why do you think that Latin-American-born Spaniards, a group that suffered far less oppression than other groups would be the group to lead the revolution against Spain?

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A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the term or name that best matches the description. A term or name may be used more than once or not at all. a. creoles g. Bemardo O'Higgins b. Simon Bolfvar h. Saint-Domingue C. inestizos 1. peninsulares d. José Marin Morelos J. Toussaint L:Ouverture C. inulattos k. José de San Martin f. Miguel Hidalgo 1. Santo Domingo 1. He was a priest who issued the Grito de Dolores, a call for a peasant rebellion in Mexico. 2. This was the name of the French third of the island of Hispaniola. 3. He led a slave revolt that ended slavery on the island of Hispaniola. 4. This term was used in Latin America to describe people of mixed European and Indian ancestry. 5. This term was used in Latin America to describe Latin Americans born in Spain. 6. He was known as Libertador. 7. After winning independence for Argentina and Chile he gave up command of his army. 8. This term was used in Latin America to describe people of mixed European and African ancestry. 9. He was a priest who was also a skillful military leader. 10. He led his forces against the Spanish army in the Battle of Ayacucho, the last major battle in the Spanish colonies' war for independence. 11. This term was used in Latin America to describe Spaniards born in Latin America. 12. This term names the people at the top of Spanish American society. B. Extended Response Briefly answer the following question on the back of this paper. Why do you think that Latin-American-born Spaniards, a group that suffered far less oppression than other groups would be the group to lead the revolution against Spain?

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**A. Terms and Names** 1. **f. Miguel Hidalgo:** He issued the Grito de Dolores, calling for a peasant rebellion. 2. **h. Saint-Domingue:** This was the French third of Hispaniola. 3. **j. Toussaint L'Ouverture:** He led the slave revolt in Saint-Domingue (Haiti). 4. **c. Mestizos:** This term described people of mixed European and Indian ancestry. 5. **i. Peninsulares:** This term described Spaniards born in Spain. 6. **b. Simón Bolívar:** He was known as "The Liberator." 7. **k. José de San Martín:** He relinquished command after liberating Argentina and Chile. 8. **e. Mulattoes:** This term described people of mixed European and African ancestry. 9. **d. José María Morelos:** He was a priest and skilled military leader. 10. **b. Simón Bolívar:** He led forces in the Battle of Ayacucho. 11. **a. Creoles:** This term described Spaniards born in Latin America. 12. **i. Peninsulares:** They were at the top of Spanish American society. **B. Extended Response** While creoles enjoyed a privileged position compared to other groups like indigenous people, enslaved Africans, and those of mixed heritage, they still faced limitations imposed by the peninsulares. Several factors motivated them to lead the revolutions: * **Economic Grievances:** Creoles were often restricted from holding the highest positions in government and the Church, which were reserved for peninsulares. They also resented trade restrictions that benefited Spain at their expense. They desired control over their own economic destinies. * **Political Aspirations:** Creoles yearned for greater autonomy and self-governance. They felt they understood the needs of their regions better than the distant Spanish crown. The Enlightenment ideals of liberty and self-determination also influenced their thinking. * **Social Resentment:** Despite their relative privilege, creoles chafed under the social hierarchy that placed peninsulares above them. They resented the perceived arrogance and preferential treatment given to those born in Spain. * **Inspiration from other Revolutions:** The American and French Revolutions provided powerful examples of successful uprisings against established authority. These events demonstrated that change was possible and inspired creoles to fight for their own independence. * **Opportunity presented by Napoleonic Wars:** Spain's preoccupation with the Napoleonic Wars weakened its control over its colonies, creating a window of opportunity for creoles to seize power. It's important to note that while creoles initiated the revolutions, the success of these movements often depended on the participation and support of other groups who suffered far greater oppression. The promise of improved social and economic conditions motivated these groups to join the fight against Spanish rule.

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