Home
/
History
/
38. How did the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers MOST influence popular revolutions in France and in the United States? a. by explaining that society could be improved through scientific discovery b. by challenging the belief in the divine right of kings c. by stressing the importance of military strength d. by examining other countries as models of self-government 39. "If man in the state of nature is free, if be is absolute lord of bis own person and possessions, why will be give up bis freedom?Why will be put himself under the control of any person or institution? The obvious answer is that rigbts in the state of nature are constantly exposed to the attack of others. Since every man is equal and since most men do not concern themselves with equity and justice, the enjoyment of rigbts in the state of nature is unsafe and insecure. Hence each man joins in society with others to preserve bis life,liberty, and property." John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690 According to Lock and later the American Declaration of Independence, the purpose of government is to a. protect the rights of individuals b. provide a strong military force c. maintain the leader's authority d. establish a court system 40. The Industrial Revolution led to migration from a. coastal to mountainous regions b. North America to Europe. c. rural to urban areas. d. South America to Africa. 41. "... They (libe Communists)openly declare that their ends can be attained [acbieved] only by the forcible overtbrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains.Tbey have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unite!" Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, 1848 The views expressed by Engels and Marx in this passage were developed in reaction to the a. unification of Germany b. Commercial Revolution c. Congress of Vienna d. Industrial Revolution

Question

38. How did the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers MOST influence popular revolutions in France and in the United States? a. by explaining that society could be improved through scientific discovery b. by challenging the belief in the divine right of kings c. by stressing the importance of military strength d. by examining other countries as models of self-government 39. "If man in the state of nature is free, if be is absolute lord of bis own person and possessions, why will be give up bis freedom?Why will be put himself under the control of any person or institution? The obvious answer is that rigbts in the state of nature are constantly exposed to the attack of others. Since every man is equal and since most men do not concern themselves with equity and justice, the enjoyment of rigbts in the state of nature is unsafe and insecure. Hence each man joins in society with others to preserve bis life,liberty, and property." John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690 According to Lock and later the American Declaration of Independence, the purpose of government is to a. protect the rights of individuals b. provide a strong military force c. maintain the leader's authority d. establish a court system 40. The Industrial Revolution led to migration from a. coastal to mountainous regions b. North America to Europe. c. rural to urban areas. d. South America to Africa. 41. "... They (libe Communists)openly declare that their ends can be attained [acbieved] only by the forcible overtbrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains.Tbey have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unite!" Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, 1848 The views expressed by Engels and Marx in this passage were developed in reaction to the a. unification of Germany b. Commercial Revolution c. Congress of Vienna d. Industrial Revolution

38. How did the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers MOST influence popular revolutions in France and in the United States? a. by explaining that society could be improved through scientific discovery b. by challenging the belief in the divine right of kings c. by stressing the importance of military strength d. by examining other countries as models of self-government 39. "If man in the state of nature is free, if be is absolute lord of bis own person and possessions, why will be give up bis freedom?Why will be put himself under the control of any person or institution? The obvious answer is that rigbts in the state of nature are constantly exposed to the attack of others. Since every man is equal and since most men do not concern themselves with equity and justice, the enjoyment of rigbts in the state of nature is unsafe and insecure. Hence each man joins in society with others to preserve bis life,liberty, and property." John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690 According to Lock and later the American Declaration of Independence, the purpose of government is to a. protect the rights of individuals b. provide a strong military force c. maintain the leader's authority d. establish a court system 40. The Industrial Revolution led to migration from a. coastal to mountainous regions b. North America to Europe. c. rural to urban areas. d. South America to Africa. 41. "... They (libe Communists)openly declare that their ends can be attained [acbieved] only by the forcible overtbrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains.Tbey have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unite!" Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, 1848 The views expressed by Engels and Marx in this passage were developed in reaction to the a. unification of Germany b. Commercial Revolution c. Congress of Vienna d. Industrial Revolution

Solution

expert verifiedExpert Verified
4.6(246 Voting)
avatar
IndiaMaster · Tutor for 5 years

Answer

38. **b. by challenging the belief in the divine right of kings**<br /><br />Enlightenment thinkers emphasized reason and individual rights. This directly challenged the traditional authority of monarchs who claimed to rule by divine right (i.e., appointed by God). The American and French Revolutions both rejected monarchy and embraced popular sovereignty (the idea that the people are the source of political power).<br /><br />39. **a. protect the rights of individuals**<br /><br />Locke's philosophy, as quoted, centers on the idea that individuals possess natural rights (life, liberty, and property) and that government's primary role is to protect these rights. The American Declaration of Independence echoes this sentiment, stating that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed and are instituted to secure these unalienable rights (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness).<br /><br />40. **c. rural to urban areas.**<br /><br />The Industrial Revolution created factory jobs concentrated in urban centers. This drew people from rural agricultural areas to cities in search of work and opportunity.<br /><br />41. **d. Industrial Revolution**<br /><br />Marx and Engels' critique of capitalism and call for communist revolution was a direct response to the conditions created by the Industrial Revolution. They witnessed the exploitation of workers in factories and the growing inequality between the working class (proletariat) and the owners of capital (bourgeoisie). The *Communist Manifesto* is a call for the workers to overthrow the capitalist system.<br />
Click to rate: