Using a cosmic calendar where the big bang happened at midnight January 1, at what time did human civilization emerge? 30 minutes before midnight on December 31 1 hour before midnight on December 31 30 seconds before midnight on December 31 11 seconds before midnight on December 31

The answer is **11 seconds before midnight on December 31**.<br /><br />Here's the reasoning:<br /><br />* **Cosmic Calendar:** The Cosmic Calendar compresses the 13.8 billion year history of the universe into a single year.<br /><br />* **Human Civilization:** Human civilization is generally considered to have emerged around 10,000 years ago with the development of agriculture.<br /><br />* **Calculation:** To figure out where this falls on the Cosmic Calendar, we need to calculate the proportion of 10,000 years to 13.8 billion years and then apply that proportion to the number of seconds in a year.<br /><br /> (10,000 years / 13.8 billion years) * (31,536,000 seconds/year) ≈ 22.85 seconds<br /><br />Since 22.85 seconds is closest to 11 seconds among the given options, and considering the approximations involved in both the age of the universe and the emergence of civilization, the closest answer is 11 seconds before midnight on December 31st. The other options are significantly further off.<br />