7. Laissez-faire capitalism as b. strict government manufacturers d. minimal government incol of the economy d. government investment invol major industries most closely associated with the start of World War II in Europe? b. Invasion of Poland by Nariforec b building of the Munich Agreement c. building of the Berlin Wall d. assassination of Archduk Franz Ferdinand 19. What is a characteristic of the philosophy of the divine right of kings of the Medieval Period? a. Monarchs are subject to the authority of parliament. b. The clergy make government decisions. c. Parliamentary representatives share power. d. The monarch derives authority from god. 20. What was one direct result of the Crusades? a. Trade increased between Europe and the Middle East b. Islamic kingdoms expanded into Europe. c. Arabs and Christians divided the city of Jerusalem between them. d. Alexander the Great became a powerful leader in Eurasia. 21. How did Prince Henry the Navigator affect Portuguese exploration? a. He financed efforts to make advancements in sailing. b. He pioneered weapons that aided the colonization of indigenous people. c. He introduced the idea of blending local belief systems with Christianity. d. He supported the alliances of tribal powers against invasions of outside forces. 22. Forced famine, called the Holodomor, in Ukraine (1932-1933) was a direct result of a. Czar Nicholas's involvement in World War I b. Vladimir Lenin's New Economic Policy c. Joseph Stalin's Agriculture collectivization policies d. Nikita Khrushchev's removal from power 23. What effect did the end of Communist rule have on Yugoslavia in the 1990 s? a. Without communism as a unifier, ethnic hatred tore the country apart. b. Without communism acting to repress free speech,art began to flourish c. Communists began using ethnic cleansing against democratic leaders. d. After the Communists fell, four republics peacefully gained independence. A reason the Renaissance began in the Italian city-states was that they a. rejected the power of the papacy b. were unified by Garibaldi c. had wealth gained from trade with the Middle East d. prevented guilds from functioning

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7. Laissez-faire capitalism as b. strict government manufacturers d. minimal government incol of the economy d. government investment invol major industries most closely associated with the start of World War II in Europe? b. Invasion of Poland by Nariforec b building of the Munich Agreement c. building of the Berlin Wall d. assassination of Archduk Franz Ferdinand 19. What is a characteristic of the philosophy of the divine right of kings of the Medieval Period? a. Monarchs are subject to the authority of parliament. b. The clergy make government decisions. c. Parliamentary representatives share power. d. The monarch derives authority from god. 20. What was one direct result of the Crusades? a. Trade increased between Europe and the Middle East b. Islamic kingdoms expanded into Europe. c. Arabs and Christians divided the city of Jerusalem between them. d. Alexander the Great became a powerful leader in Eurasia. 21. How did Prince Henry the Navigator affect Portuguese exploration? a. He financed efforts to make advancements in sailing. b. He pioneered weapons that aided the colonization of indigenous people. c. He introduced the idea of blending local belief systems with Christianity. d. He supported the alliances of tribal powers against invasions of outside forces. 22. Forced famine, called the Holodomor, in Ukraine (1932-1933) was a direct result of a. Czar Nicholas's involvement in World War I b. Vladimir Lenin's New Economic Policy c. Joseph Stalin's Agriculture collectivization policies d. Nikita Khrushchev's removal from power 23. What effect did the end of Communist rule have on Yugoslavia in the 1990 s? a. Without communism as a unifier, ethnic hatred tore the country apart. b. Without communism acting to repress free speech,art began to flourish c. Communists began using ethnic cleansing against democratic leaders. d. After the Communists fell, four republics peacefully gained independence. A reason the Renaissance began in the Italian city-states was that they a. rejected the power of the papacy b. were unified by Garibaldi c. had wealth gained from trade with the Middle East d. prevented guilds from functioning

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7. **d. minimal government involvement in the economy** Laissez-faire capitalism is an economic system where the government has very little involvement in the market. Options b and d describe the opposite. 8. **a. invasion of Poland by Nazi forces** This act of aggression by Germany in 1939 is widely considered the event that started World War II in Europe. The Munich Agreement was an attempt to appease Hitler, the Berlin Wall was built much later during the Cold War, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered World War I. 19. **d. The monarch derives authority from God.** The divine right of kings asserted that a monarch's legitimacy to rule came directly from God, not from the consent of the people or any earthly authority. 20. **a. Trade increased between Europe and the Middle East.** While the Crusades were primarily religious conflicts, they had the side effect of increasing contact and trade between Europe and the Middle East, exposing Europeans to new goods and ideas. 21. **a. He financed efforts to make advancements in sailing.** Prince Henry the Navigator established a school of navigation and sponsored expeditions down the coast of Africa, significantly advancing Portuguese maritime technology and exploration. 22. **c. Joseph Stalin's agricultural collectivization policies.** Stalin's forced collectivization of agriculture in Ukraine disrupted food production and led to the Holodomor, a devastating famine that killed millions. 23. **a. Without communism as a unifier, ethnic hatred tore the country apart.** After the fall of communism, long-suppressed ethnic tensions resurfaced in Yugoslavia, leading to violent conflict and the breakup of the country. 24. **c. had wealth gained from trade with the Middle East.** The Italian city-states, particularly those like Venice and Genoa, grew wealthy through trade with the East. This wealth provided the resources to patronize artists and scholars, fueling the Renaissance. The other options are incorrect. The papacy remained powerful, Garibaldi unified Italy much later, and guilds played an important role in the economy of the city-states.

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