TheRed Scare-public fear that communists were working to destroy in merica both from within ath President Truman dismissed or resigned. (them/employee) investigate federalemithout-spurred government, to send 11 Act, a law against advocating visition Including anderple the by excitive activities throughout investigated subversive activities throughout American life. House Committeest Party American Activities differents and produces. They'refun to testify against themselves targeted the Hollywood Ten a group of left-wing.writers. that were sent to prison. Movie excellive then circulated a that named entertainment figures suspected of communist ties shat- tering many careers. Two sensational spy trials increased the country's suspicion of communists. The first one concerned Alger Hiss, a government employee who had helped organize the United Nations In 1948. Whittoker Chambers, a former member of the Communist Party and an espionage agent, named His as one of his government contacts. Hiss denied everything before HUAC but was sentenced to five years in prison. The second trial involved Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were accused of passing secret information about nuclear science to Soviet agents. The Rosenbergs claimed that they were being perse cuted because they were Jewish and held unpopular beliefs. They were convicted in a highly controversial trial and executed in 1953. Joseph R. McCarthy, a senator from Wisconsin, also fanned Americans' fears. He claimed he had a long list of communists in the State Department, but each time he was asked to give specific names and numbers, his figures changed. Still, with the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 McCarthy's popularity soured. McC.arthyism became a catchword for the senator's vicious style of reckless charges. McCarthy's targets grew bigger, and in 1954.he went after the United States Army.After viewers saw him badger witnesses and twist the truth during televised hearings, he lost his strongest supporters. The end of the Korean War in 1953 and McCarthy's downfall in 1954 signaled the decline of the Red Scare. Review Questions 1. How were the Smith Act and HUAC supposed to discourage communism in the United States? 2. What events led to the decline of the Red Scare? READI v H VOCA B STRATE

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TheRed Scare-public fear that communists were working to destroy in merica both from within ath President Truman dismissed or resigned. (them/employee) investigate federalemithout-spurred government, to send 11 Act, a law against advocating visition Including anderple the by excitive activities throughout investigated subversive activities throughout American life. House Committeest Party American Activities differents and produces. They'refun to testify against themselves targeted the Hollywood Ten a group of left-wing.writers. that were sent to prison. Movie excellive then circulated a that named entertainment figures suspected of communist ties shat- tering many careers. Two sensational spy trials increased the country's suspicion of communists. The first one concerned Alger Hiss, a government employee who had helped organize the United Nations In 1948. Whittoker Chambers, a former member of the Communist Party and an espionage agent, named His as one of his government contacts. Hiss denied everything before HUAC but was sentenced to five years in prison. The second trial involved Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were accused of passing secret information about nuclear science to Soviet agents. The Rosenbergs claimed that they were being perse cuted because they were Jewish and held unpopular beliefs. They were convicted in a highly controversial trial and executed in 1953. Joseph R. McCarthy, a senator from Wisconsin, also fanned Americans' fears. He claimed he had a long list of communists in the State Department, but each time he was asked to give specific names and numbers, his figures changed. Still, with the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 McCarthy's popularity soured. McC.arthyism became a catchword for the senator's vicious style of reckless charges. McCarthy's targets grew bigger, and in 1954.he went after the United States Army.After viewers saw him badger witnesses and twist the truth during televised hearings, he lost his strongest supporters. The end of the Korean War in 1953 and McCarthy's downfall in 1954 signaled the decline of the Red Scare. Review Questions 1. How were the Smith Act and HUAC supposed to discourage communism in the United States? 2. What events led to the decline of the Red Scare? READI v H VOCA B STRATE

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1. The Smith Act, a law against advocating violent overthrow of the government, was used to prosecute suspected communists and discourage the spread of communist ideology. HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee) aimed to investigate and expose suspected communist infiltration in various aspects of American life, including government, entertainment, and labor unions. By holding public hearings and compelling individuals to testify, HUAC sought to create a climate of fear and distrust, discouraging people from associating with communist ideas or organizations. Both aimed to suppress communist activity through legal and social pressure. 2. Several factors contributed to the decline of the Red Scare: * **The end of the Korean War in 1953:** The war had fueled fears of communist aggression and expansion, and its conclusion eased some of those anxieties. * **McCarthy's downfall in 1954:** Senator McCarthy's increasingly reckless accusations and bullying tactics, particularly during the televised Army-McCarthy hearings, eroded public trust and support for his methods. This discredited McCarthyism and, by extension, the broader anti-communist fervor. * **Changing public opinion:** As McCarthy's excesses became apparent, and as the perceived threat of communism lessened with the end of the Korean War, public support for the aggressive anti-communist tactics waned. People began to question the fairness and validity of the accusations and investigations.

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