20. Leaders who are high in task orientation a. have higher productivity. b. rank their employees higher on performance appraisals. c. show no difference in job satisfaction. d. are more motivated. e. show no difference in motivation.

# Brief Explanations: <br />Leaders who are high in task orientation typically have a strong focus on getting tasks completed. They show clear, tangible goals and deadlines to their subordinates. By setting up a clear road map and promptly addressing any issues or bottlenecks along the way, they increase their team's efficiency and productivity. Therefore, it is said that a high level of task orientation correlates positively with higher productivity.<br /><br /># Answer: <br />a. have higher productivity.