A. abrain pain sponsored the first voyage of Columbus to the west b. obtain rultary rechnology b. was to findary technology contact wore d. trade in establishe the Empire 30. In China, the terms "commune," "Great Leap Forward," and "Cultural Revolution" are associated with the b. Mandate of Heaven b. Conomic success of the Manchu dynasty d. Confucian emphasis on the five human relationships d.leadership of Mao Zedong 31. How did European exploration of the Americas MOST affect the Inca and Aztec empires? b. It caused the population to move inland from coastal locations. b. It encouraged tribal leaders to create alliances. C. It introduced diseases that resulted in a population decline. d. It reduced native reliance on agricultural production. 32. A long-term result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe was a. an increase in the number of small farms b. a decline in international trade C. a general rise in the standard of living d. a strengthening of the economic power of the nobility 33. Heavy military losses in World War I , food and fuel shortages,and opposition to the czar led to the a. French Revolution b. Russian Revolution C. Chinese Revolution d. Cuban Revolution 34. Which phrase BEST explains a reason for the beginning of European exploration of the Americas? a. demands for economic resources b. pressures from foreign invaders C. shortages of skilled labor d. lack of agricultural diversity 5. At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting to a. restore old regimes to power b. spread the idea of democracy C. encourage nationalist movements d. promote the European free-trade zone That was an important effect of the invention of the printing press? a. Gutenberg used his wealth from the invention to support artists. b. It led to the development of public libraries. C. It led to a renewed study of Latin and Greek. d. It increased literacy and the use of the vernacular.

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A. abrain pain sponsored the first voyage of Columbus to the west b. obtain rultary rechnology b. was to findary technology contact wore d. trade in establishe the Empire 30. In China, the terms "commune," "Great Leap Forward," and "Cultural Revolution" are associated with the b. Mandate of Heaven b. Conomic success of the Manchu dynasty d. Confucian emphasis on the five human relationships d.leadership of Mao Zedong 31. How did European exploration of the Americas MOST affect the Inca and Aztec empires? b. It caused the population to move inland from coastal locations. b. It encouraged tribal leaders to create alliances. C. It introduced diseases that resulted in a population decline. d. It reduced native reliance on agricultural production. 32. A long-term result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe was a. an increase in the number of small farms b. a decline in international trade C. a general rise in the standard of living d. a strengthening of the economic power of the nobility 33. Heavy military losses in World War I , food and fuel shortages,and opposition to the czar led to the a. French Revolution b. Russian Revolution C. Chinese Revolution d. Cuban Revolution 34. Which phrase BEST explains a reason for the beginning of European exploration of the Americas? a. demands for economic resources b. pressures from foreign invaders C. shortages of skilled labor d. lack of agricultural diversity 5. At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting to a. restore old regimes to power b. spread the idea of democracy C. encourage nationalist movements d. promote the European free-trade zone That was an important effect of the invention of the printing press? a. Gutenberg used his wealth from the invention to support artists. b. It led to the development of public libraries. C. It led to a renewed study of Latin and Greek. d. It increased literacy and the use of the vernacular.

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Let's review your multiple-choice questions: * **29. The MAIN reason Columbus sailed west from Europe was to:** * **a. A brain pain sponsored...** (This option is nonsensical) * **b. obtain military technology** (While Europeans eventually sought military advantages, this wasn't Columbus's primary goal.) * **c. was to find... contact wion** (This option is incomplete and unclear.) * **d. trade in establish the Empire** (While empire-building followed, the initial goal was to find a westward trade route to Asia.) The best answer here is closest to **d**. Columbus wanted to find a sea route to the East Indies (Asia) to access spices and other valuable goods. He believed sailing west was a quicker route than going east around Africa. * **30. In China, the terms "commune," "Great Leap Forward," and "Cultural Revolution" are associated with the:** * **a. Mandate of Heaven** (This is a much older concept related to the legitimacy of Chinese rulers.) * **b. Economic success of the Manchu dynasty** (These terms relate to a period after the Manchu dynasty.) * **c. Confucian emphasis on the five human relationships** (Confucianism is a philosophy predating the events referenced in the question.) * **d. leadership of Mao Zedong** (Correct. These programs and events were all part of Mao's leadership in Communist China.) * **31. How did European exploration of the Americas MOST affect the Inca and Aztec empires?** * **a. It caused the population to move inland...** (While some displacement occurred, it wasn't the most significant impact.) * **b. It encouraged tribal leaders to create alliances.** (Some alliances were formed, but often with Europeans against other Indigenous groups. This wasn't the most impactful effect.) * **c. It introduced diseases that resulted in a population decline.** (Correct. European diseases like smallpox devastated the Inca and Aztec populations, which had no immunity.) * **d. It reduced native reliance on agricultural production.** (The opposite is true. Colonization often forced Indigenous populations into specific agricultural labor.) * **32. A long-term result of the Industrial Revolution in Europe was:** * **a. an increase in the number of small farms** (Industrialization led to larger farms and fewer small farms.) * **b. a decline in international trade** (The opposite is true. Industrialization greatly increased international trade.) * **c. a general rise in the standard of living** (Correct. While unevenly distributed, industrialization eventually led to a higher standard of living for many.) * **d. a strengthening of the economic power of the nobility** (The Industrial Revolution shifted power towards industrialists and capitalists, away from the landed nobility.) * **33. Heavy military losses in World War I, food and fuel shortages, and opposition to the czar led to the:** * **a. French Revolution** (This predates World War I.) * **b. Russian Revolution** (Correct. These were key factors leading to the overthrow of the Tsarist regime.) * **c. Chinese Revolution** (While there were revolutions in China, this question describes the context of the Russian Revolution.) * **d. Cuban Revolution** (This is much later in the 20th century.) * **34. Which phrase BEST explains a reason for the beginning of European exploration of the Americas?** * **a. demands for economic resources** (Correct. The desire for spices, gold, and other resources was a major driver.) * **b. pressures from foreign invaders** (Europe was not facing significant foreign invasion at this time.) * **c. shortages of skilled labor** (While labor shortages existed in some areas, this wasn't a primary driver of exploration.) * **d. lack of agricultural diversity** (Europe did want new crops, but the primary drive was for valuable resources like spices and gold.) * **35. At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting to:** * **a. restore old regimes to power** (Correct. The Congress of Vienna aimed to restore the pre-revolutionary monarchies and order.) * **b. spread the idea of democracy** (The opposite is true. They sought to suppress democratic and revolutionary ideas.) * **c. encourage nationalist movements** (Nationalism was seen as a destabilizing force.) * **d. promote the European free-trade zone** (While some trade agreements existed, the focus was on political stability, not free trade.) * **36. What was an important effect of the invention of the printing press?** * **a. Gutenberg used his wealth... to support artists.** (While Gutenberg printed the Bible, this isn't the most significant impact of the printing press.) * **b. It led to the development of public libraries.** (Public libraries developed later.) * **c. It led to a renewed study of Latin and Greek.** (The Renaissance, which predates the printing press, saw a renewed interest in classical learning.) * **d. It increased literacy and the use of the vernacular.** (Correct. Printing made books more readily available, leading to increased literacy and the use of vernacular languages.)

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