4. Name the four basic processes that cause changes in population size, and write the equation that summarizes their relationship. (4 marks)

The four basic processes that cause changes in population size are:<br /><br />1. **Births (B):** The number of individuals born into the population.<br />2. **Deaths (D):** The number of individuals in the population that die.<br />3. **Immigration (I):** The number of individuals entering the population from elsewhere.<br />4. **Emigration (E):** The number of individuals leaving the population to go elsewhere.<br /><br />The equation that summarizes their relationship is:<br /><br />Change in Population Size = (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration) <br /><br />or, more concisely:<br /><br />ΔN = (B + I) - (D + E)<br /><br />Where ΔN represents the change in population size.<br />