I. Write 'True' if the statement is correct and 'False'if the statement is incorrect. (1 pt each) 1. Informal observation is carried out when project or program staff makes field visits or attends events or meetings. 2. Participant observation is used to gather information without actively participating in the community. 3 . Non-participant observation involves observing participants with actively participating. 4. Unstructured or informal interviews have a fixed format and use close-ended questions. 5. Group interviews enable an interviewer to access the knowledge, views,and opinions of several people at once. 6. A structured interview is also known as a patterned or planned interview. 7. Observation is always used as a method on its own and never in parallel with other data collection and analysis methods. 8. Questionnaires are ineffective for obtaining statistically significant results. 9. Questionnaires are only useful for collecting qualitative data. II. Choose the best answer from the given alternatives. (1 pt each) 10. Which of the following statements is true about sampling errors? A)Sampling errors increase with larger sample sizes B) Sampling errors are directly proportional to the sample size C)Sampling errors decrease with larger sample sizes D) None of the above 11. What best describes simple random sampling? A)Selecting units based on the researcher 's judgment B) Selecting every nth unit in the population C) Giving every unit an equal chance of being selected D) Dividing the population into strata and selecting random units from each stratum 12. In systematic random sampling,how are members of the population selected? A) Based on the researcher's knowledge B) At regular intervals from a random starting point C) By creating strata and selecting random members D) By selecting intact groups as clusters 13. Which of the following is a method used in simple random sampling? A)Systematic sampling B) Lottery method C)Quota sampling D)Judgmental sampling 14. What is the main characteristic of stratified random sampling? A)A non-probability sampling method B) Dividing the population into homogenous groups and sampling from each group C) Selecting samples at regular intervals D) Clustering the population and selecting clusters 15. In the context of cluster sampling what is a cluster?A) A group selected based on the researcher's discretion B) Intact groups selected as whole samples C) A homogenous subgroup D) A single randomly selected member 16. Which of the following best describes multistage sampling? A)Dividing the population into clusters and then into sub-groups B)Randomly selecting members from a list C) Using the researcher's judgment to select members D)Conducting surveys on the entire population 17. What is a key characteristic of non-probability sampling methods?A) Equal chance of every population member being selected B)Selection based on the researcher's subjective judgment C) Using random number tables for selection D)Dividing the population into strata 18. What is snowball sampling, and how is it conducted? A)Selecting members at regular intervals B) Using participants to recruit other participants C)Randomly selecting from each stratum D)Dividing the population into clusters 19. Which sampling method involves the researcher's judgment in selecting the members? A)Simple random sampling B)Systematic random sampling C)Judgmental sampling D) Cluster sampling 20. In systematic random sampling how is the first member chosen? A)Randomly. B) By dividing the population into clusters C) Based on the researcher's judgment D) From the top end of the population list 21. Which method is specifically used to handle variability within a population?A) Simple random sampling B)Stratified random sampling C)Multistage sampling D) Snowball sampling 22. What is quota sampling, and how is it different from probability sampling methods?A) A probability sampling method where researchers choose individuals randomly B) A non-probability sampling method