(Women on the Market by Luce Irigaray] D Topic sentence-Title, author main idea of the text. Introduce one of Ingaray's main arguments from her essay square Insert a quote from the text that displays this argument square Explain how or why this argument is significant for female-identifying people square Introduce another of Irigaray?main arguments from her essay square Insert a second quote from the text that displays this argument square Explain bow or why this argument is significant for female-identifying people Conclusion sentence-How is this argument shown in literature? Women on the Market in Text D How can Ingaray claims be seen in your text? What oppression is being highlighted midence-What is happening in the lext that readers need to know since they the not read the stoon D Insert a citation from the story and cite it in MLA D Explain the qucter what is happening in the text AND b)how is this oppression impacting the 11 Introdoce the quote you plan to use hat is the discussing bere? Ingany's easy which explains the bpe of expression or subjugation being thown in the ilory This goole cansot be the same at either quote you med above. Cite in MLA a Explain the quite a) what is triguray (2) (1) AND b) how does this citation explain the seen in the story you have selected? can this treatment of wunter be seen in other feminist theories fie Becone you are about to introduce)

In Luce Irigaray's essay, "Women on the Market," she argues that within patriarchal systems, women are not recognized as independent subjects but rather as commodities exchanged between men. Irigaray posits that women's value is determined by their desirability and exchangeability within this male-dominated system. She states, "Woman has value only insofar as she can be exchanged. Her value is constituted in this exchange, and not by her relation to other women, or to herself" (Irigaray 78). This argument is significant for female-identifying people because it highlights how their worth is often defined by their perceived value to men, reducing them to objects within a system that denies them agency and autonomy.<br /><br />Another key argument Irigaray makes is that this commodification of women extends to their language and representation. Because language and discourse are largely controlled by men, women are often defined and spoken about in terms that reinforce their objectification. Irigaray writes, "Woman is traditionally represented as a 'lack,' a 'hole,' or a 'void'" (Irigaray 80). This is significant because it demonstrates how patriarchal language perpetuates negative stereotypes and limits women's ability to define themselves and their experiences. This lack of representation and misrepresentation reinforces their subordinate position within society.<br /><br />These arguments about commodification and representation are often reflected in literature. Women characters are frequently portrayed as objects of male desire, their value determined by their beauty or their role in furthering a male character's narrative.<br /><br />**Women on the Market in Text (Example using *The Handmaid's Tale* by Margaret Atwood)**<br /><br />Irigaray's claims are evident in Margaret Atwood's *The Handmaid's Tale*. The novel depicts Gilead, a dystopian society where women are stripped of their rights and reduced to reproductive vessels. The Handmaids, including the protagonist Offred, are assigned to Commanders and forced to participate in ritualized sexual acts solely for the purpose of procreation. This highlights the oppression of women being reduced to their reproductive function, echoing Irigaray's argument about women as commodities.<br /><br />For instance, when describing the Ceremony, Offred narrates, "He is f***ing. That is what he is doing. Copulating too would be acceptable. But this is f***ing. There is no other word for it" (Atwood 95). This quote reveals the dehumanizing nature of the ritual, emphasizing the Handmaid's role as a mere instrument for reproduction. This oppression impacts Offred by stripping her of her identity, autonomy, and even the language to accurately describe her experience. The act is devoid of intimacy or connection, solely focused on the biological function.<br /><br />Introducing another quote from Irigaray to connect to this scene: "The 'feminine' is always on the side of being exchanged, of 'flowing,' of 'spilling away'" (Irigaray 81). This explains the type of subjugation shown in the story. Irigaray argues that women are seen as something to be used and discarded, their value tied to their ability to serve a male-defined purpose. This is precisely how the Handmaids are treated in Gilead, valued only for their reproductive capacity and discarded once they are no longer deemed useful.<br /><br />This treatment of women can be seen in other feminist theories. For example, Simone de Beauvoir's concept of "the Other" in *The Second Sex* aligns with Irigaray's argument. De Beauvoir argues that women are defined in relation to men, as the "Other," the deviation from the male norm. This reinforces the idea that women lack independent existence and are defined by their relationship to men, similar to Irigaray's concept of women as commodities exchanged within a male-dominated system.<br />