Which concept includes an interrelated system of HR practices and policies including rigorous recruitment and selection procedures, performance -contingent incentive compensation performance management, a commitment to employee involvement, and extensive training and development programs? Select one: a. High-performance work systems (HPWS) b. Instructional systems design (ISD) c. Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM) d. Electronic Human Resources Management (eHRM)

The answer is **a. High-performance work systems (HPWS)**.<br /><br />Here's why: High-performance work systems (HPWS) are specifically designed to enhance organizational performance by integrating and aligning HR practices with strategic goals. The elements listed in the question (rigorous recruitment, performance-based incentives, employee involvement, and extensive training) are all hallmarks of an HPWS. They work together to create a synergistic effect, driving employee engagement, productivity, and overall organizational success.<br /><br />Let's look at why the other options are incorrect:<br /><br />* **b. Instructional systems design (ISD):** ISD focuses on the systematic process of designing, developing, and delivering instructional materials and training programs. While training is *part* of an HPWS, ISD is a much narrower concept.<br /><br />* **c. Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM):** SHRM is a broader concept that encompasses aligning HR practices with the overall strategic goals of the organization. HPWS is a *component* of SHRM, but SHRM doesn't necessarily imply the specific set of practices described in the question.<br /><br />* **d. Electronic Human Resources Management (eHRM):** eHRM refers to the use of technology to manage HR processes. While technology can *support* an HPWS, eHRM itself doesn't define the specific practices that constitute a high-performance work system.<br />