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where researchers divide the population into specific segments and then select a predetermined number of individuals from each segment C)A technique where the entire population is surveyed D)A method where sampling is done based on the availability of participants 23.In which sampling method are groups divided based on specific characteristics before sampling? A) Cluster sampling B) Simple random sampling C)Stratified random sampling D)Snowball 24.What method involves repeating steps to create smaller sub-groups for data collection? A)Judgmental sampling B)Systematic random sampling C) Multistage sampling D)Stratified random sampling 25.Which sampling method requires the creation of multiple mini-representations of the population for accurate results?A) Simple random sampling B) Stratified random sampling C)Cluster sampling D) Snowball sampling 26.Why do researchers create quotas when using quota sampling?A) To ensure that the sample is as large as possible B) To create a sample that can be generalized to the entire population C) To reduce the cost of the research D) To speed up the data collection process 27. In quota sampling,what is the significance of the researcher's knowledge? A) It determines the sampling interval B) It helps in identifying individuals for sampling D) It ensures every individual has an equal chance of being selected 28. In cluster sampling,how are the population elements typically selected? A) Individually from each stratum B) Randomly selected from existing groups C) Based on specific traits and quotas D) Using a systematic interval 29. Which of the following best describes a key difference between stratified sampling and cluster sampling? A)Stratified sampling selects clusters; cluster sampling selects strata.B) In cluster sampling, elements are selected in aggregates; in stratified sampling , elements are selected individually from each stratum.C)Stratified sampling focuses on cost effectivenes s; cluster sampling focuses on precision. D) Cluster sampling aims to improve representation ; stratified sampling aims to reduce costs. 30. In cluster sampling,when are the population elements selected?A) After being divided into homogeneou groups called strata. B) From aggregates that are randomly selected as clusters. C)Based on specific quotas set by the researcher. D) At regular intervals from a list. 31. How does quota sampling ensure that data can be generalized to the entire population? A) By ensuring each individua has an equal chance of selection. B)'By deciding quotas based on specific traits or qualities.C) By randomly selecting individuals from all strata. D) By selecting intact groups as a whole. 32.Which sampling method relies heavily on the subjective judgment of the researcher? A)Simple random sampling B) Systematic sampling C)Judgmental sampling D) Quota sampling 33. In which sampling method is the final subset determined solely based on the researcher's knowledge? A) Systematic random sampling B) Simple Random C) Stratified random sampling D) Quota sampling 34.Which sampling method involves creating multiple clusters of people from a population,each having an equal chance of being included in the sample? A)Systematic sampling B) Quota sampling C) Cluster sampling D)Simple Random sampling

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where researchers divide the population into specific segments and then select a predetermined number of individuals from each segment C)A technique where the entire population is surveyed D)A method where sampling is done based on the availability of participants 23.In which sampling method are groups divided based on specific characteristics before sampling? A) Cluster sampling B) Simple random sampling C)Stratified random sampling D)Snowball 24.What method involves repeating steps to create smaller sub-groups for data collection? A)Judgmental sampling B)Systematic random sampling C) Multistage sampling D)Stratified random sampling 25.Which sampling method requires the creation of multiple mini-representations of the population for accurate results?A) Simple random sampling B) Stratified random sampling C)Cluster sampling D) Snowball sampling 26.Why do researchers create quotas when using quota sampling?A) To ensure that the sample is as large as possible B) To create a sample that can be generalized to the entire population C) To reduce the cost of the research D) To speed up the data collection process 27. In quota sampling,what is the significance of the researcher's knowledge? A) It determines the sampling interval B) It helps in identifying individuals for sampling D) It ensures every individual has an equal chance of being selected 28. In cluster sampling,how are the population elements typically selected? A) Individually from each stratum B) Randomly selected from existing groups C) Based on specific traits and quotas D) Using a systematic interval 29. Which of the following best describes a key difference between stratified sampling and cluster sampling? A)Stratified sampling selects clusters; cluster sampling selects strata.B) In cluster sampling, elements are selected in aggregates; in stratified sampling , elements are selected individually from each stratum.C)Stratified sampling focuses on cost effectivenes s; cluster sampling focuses on precision. D) Cluster sampling aims to improve representation ; stratified sampling aims to reduce costs. 30. In cluster sampling,when are the population elements selected?A) After being divided into homogeneou groups called strata. B) From aggregates that are randomly selected as clusters. C)Based on specific quotas set by the researcher. D) At regular intervals from a list. 31. How does quota sampling ensure that data can be generalized to the entire population? A) By ensuring each individua has an equal chance of selection. B)'By deciding quotas based on specific traits or qualities.C) By randomly selecting individuals from all strata. D) By selecting intact groups as a whole. 32.Which sampling method relies heavily on the subjective judgment of the researcher? A)Simple random sampling B) Systematic sampling C)Judgmental sampling D) Quota sampling 33. In which sampling method is the final subset determined solely based on the researcher's knowledge? A) Systematic random sampling B) Simple Random C) Stratified random sampling D) Quota sampling 34.Which sampling method involves creating multiple clusters of people from a population,each having an equal chance of being included in the sample? A)Systematic sampling B) Quota sampling C) Cluster sampling D)Simple Random sampling

where researchers divide the population into specific segments and then select a predetermined number of individuals from each segment C)A technique where the entire population is surveyed D)A method where sampling is done based on the availability of participants 23.In which sampling method are groups divided based on specific characteristics before sampling? A) Cluster sampling B) Simple random sampling C)Stratified random sampling D)Snowball 24.What method involves repeating steps to create smaller sub-groups for data collection? A)Judgmental sampling B)Systematic random sampling C) Multistage sampling D)Stratified random sampling 25.Which sampling method requires the creation of multiple mini-representations of the population for accurate results?A) Simple random sampling B) Stratified random sampling C)Cluster sampling D) Snowball sampling 26.Why do researchers create quotas when using quota sampling?A) To ensure that the sample is as large as possible B) To create a sample that can be generalized to the entire population C) To reduce the cost of the research D) To speed up the data collection process 27. In quota sampling,what is the significance of the researcher's knowledge? A) It determines the sampling interval B) It helps in identifying individuals for sampling D) It ensures every individual has an equal chance of being selected 28. In cluster sampling,how are the population elements typically selected? A) Individually from each stratum B) Randomly selected from existing groups C) Based on specific traits and quotas D) Using a systematic interval 29. Which of the following best describes a key difference between stratified sampling and cluster sampling? A)Stratified sampling selects clusters; cluster sampling selects strata.B) In cluster sampling, elements are selected in aggregates; in stratified sampling , elements are selected individually from each stratum.C)Stratified sampling focuses on cost effectivenes s; cluster sampling focuses on precision. D) Cluster sampling aims to improve representation ; stratified sampling aims to reduce costs. 30. In cluster sampling,when are the population elements selected?A) After being divided into homogeneou groups called strata. B) From aggregates that are randomly selected as clusters. C)Based on specific quotas set by the researcher. D) At regular intervals from a list. 31. How does quota sampling ensure that data can be generalized to the entire population? A) By ensuring each individua has an equal chance of selection. B)'By deciding quotas based on specific traits or qualities.C) By randomly selecting individuals from all strata. D) By selecting intact groups as a whole. 32.Which sampling method relies heavily on the subjective judgment of the researcher? A)Simple random sampling B) Systematic sampling C)Judgmental sampling D) Quota sampling 33. In which sampling method is the final subset determined solely based on the researcher's knowledge? A) Systematic random sampling B) Simple Random C) Stratified random sampling D) Quota sampling 34.Which sampling method involves creating multiple clusters of people from a population,each having an equal chance of being included in the sample? A)Systematic sampling B) Quota sampling C) Cluster sampling D)Simple Random sampling

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23. **C) Stratified random sampling**. In stratified random sampling, the population is first divided into strata (segments) based on shared characteristics (e.g., age, gender, income). Then, a random sample is drawn from each stratum.<br /><br />24. **C) Multistage sampling**. Multistage sampling involves multiple steps where the researcher first selects larger clusters and then progressively samples smaller units within those clusters. This creates a hierarchical sampling structure.<br /><br />25. **B) Stratified random sampling**. The goal of stratified random sampling is to create a sample that accurately reflects the proportions of different subgroups within the population. Each stratum acts as a mini-representation of the population.<br /><br />26. **B) To create a sample that can be generalized to the entire population**. Quotas in quota sampling are designed to ensure the sample represents the population's characteristics proportionally. For example, if the population is 50% female, the quota might be to sample 50% females.<br /><br />27. **B) It helps in identifying individuals for sampling**. The researcher's knowledge of the population characteristics is crucial in quota sampling. They use this knowledge to set appropriate quotas and identify individuals who fit those quotas.<br /><br />28. **B) Randomly selected from existing groups**. In cluster sampling, the population is divided into clusters (often pre-existing groups like schools or neighborhoods). Then, a random sample of clusters is selected, and all individuals within the chosen clusters are included in the study.<br /><br />29. **B) In cluster sampling, elements are selected in aggregates; in stratified sampling, elements are selected individually from each stratum.** This highlights the core difference. Stratified sampling samples individuals from *every* stratum, while cluster sampling selects *entire clusters*.<br /><br />30. **B) From aggregates that are randomly selected as clusters.** This reinforces the process of cluster sampling. The elements aren't selected individually but as part of the randomly selected cluster.<br /><br />31. **B) By deciding quotas based on specific traits or qualities.** Quota sampling attempts to generalize to the population by setting quotas that mirror the population's characteristics. However, it's important to note that because the selection within quotas isn't random, generalizability can be weaker than with probability sampling methods.<br /><br />32. **C) Judgmental sampling**. In judgmental sampling, the researcher uses their expertise to select participants they believe are representative or informative for the study. This introduces subjectivity.<br /><br />33. **C) Stratified random sampling**. This is incorrect. Judgmental sampling relies solely on the researcher's knowledge for participant selection. Stratified random sampling uses random selection within defined strata.<br /><br />34. **C) Cluster sampling**. This accurately describes the process of cluster sampling. Each cluster has a chance of being selected, and if chosen, all members of that cluster are included in the sample.<br />
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