1) Write the first two laws of thermodynamics

1. **The First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Conservation of Energy):** Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or changed from one form to another. In a closed system, the total energy remains constant. This can be expressed mathematically as ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy of the system, Q is the heat added to the system, and W is the work done by the system.<br /><br />2. **The Second Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Entropy):** The total entropy of an isolated system can only increase over time, or remain constant in ideal cases where the system is in a steady state or undergoing a reversible process. This means that natural processes tend to proceed in a direction that increases the disorder or randomness of the universe. It also implies that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body without some external work being done.<br />