Ching appropriate examples describe four facion that may influence human poreption. (12 marks) lour types of personation constancin (8 marks)

**Four Factors Influencing Human Perception (with examples):**<br /><br />1. **Context:** The setting or environment surrounding a stimulus influences how we perceive it. For example, a bright light in a dark alley might be perceived as threatening, while the same light on a stage during a concert might be perceived as exciting.<br /><br />2. **Motivation:** Our desires and needs shape our perceptions. A thirsty person is more likely to perceive a mirage of water in the desert than someone who is not thirsty.<br /><br />3. **Emotion:** Our feelings can significantly impact how we interpret the world around us. Someone feeling anxious might perceive a neutral facial expression as hostile.<br /><br />4. **Past Experience:** Prior encounters and learned information influence our interpretations. If you've had a negative experience with a particular breed of dog, you might perceive all dogs of that breed as dangerous.<br /><br /><br />**Four Types of Perceptual Constancies:**<br /><br />1. **Size Constancy:** We perceive objects as having a constant size, even though the size of the image on our retina changes as the object moves closer or farther away. For example, we know a car stays the same size as it drives away, even though it appears smaller in the distance.<br /><br />2. **Shape Constancy:** We perceive the shape of an object as constant, even though the shape of the image on our retina changes as our viewing angle changes. For example, we know a door is rectangular even when it is opened and the retinal image is trapezoidal.<br /><br />3. **Color Constancy:** We perceive the color of an object as constant, even under different lighting conditions. A red apple still appears red in dim light or bright sunlight, even though the wavelengths of light reflected from it change.<br /><br />4. **Brightness Constancy:** We perceive the brightness of an object as constant, even when the amount of light reflected from it changes. A white sheet of paper appears equally bright in a dimly lit room and in bright sunlight.<br />