Question Five CRSS 215 Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) Define the term social work (2marks) b)Discuss the Principles of Social Work (8 marks) c) Discuss Bronfe nbrenner's ecological systems theory and enumerate its challenges in actual practice (15 marks) d) Discuss the aims of Social welfare services in Kenya. (5 marks) Question Two Question Three a).With relevant examples ,discuss the process of Social Welfare policy-mak xing process in Kenya b).Highlight the challenges policymakers face in the line of their duty and suggest solutions (10 marks) (10 marks) a). The art of facilitation is instr umental when working with groups . Discuss in detail the Ways to enhance your effecti veness when facilit ating groups b) Examine how group facilitators could ma nage group dynamics to ensure members comply? (10 marks) (10 marks) Question Four a) What t are the challenges associated with complexity and diversity in life tasks among the elderly in Kenya? (10 marks) b)With examples,discuss how social workers could respond to presenting issues across lifespan (10 marks) a)Discuss the various Social welfare types and provide a critique for each type (10 marks) b).In detail,discuss the skills required by social workers to navigate their work (10 marks)

**Question One**<br /><br />**(a) Define the term social work (2 marks)**<br /><br />Social work is a profession dedicated to promoting social change, problem-solving in human relationships, and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilizing theories of human behavior and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work.<br /><br />**(b) Discuss the Principles of Social Work (8 marks)**<br /><br />Social work is guided by a core set of principles that shape its practice. These include:<br /><br />* **Service:** Social workers' primary goal is to help people in need and address social problems.<br />* **Social Justice:** Social workers challenge social injustice and advocate for human rights and equality for all.<br />* **Dignity and Worth of the Person:** Social workers treat each individual with respect and recognize their inherent worth.<br />* **Importance of Human Relationships:** Social workers understand that relationships are central to human well-being and work to strengthen them.<br />* **Integrity:** Social workers behave in an ethical and trustworthy manner.<br />* **Competence:** Social workers practice within their areas of expertise and strive to enhance their professional knowledge and skills.<br /><br />**(c) Discuss Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory and enumerate its challenges in actual practice (15 marks)**<br /><br />Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory posits that human development is influenced by multiple interacting systems. These systems are:<br /><br />* **Microsystem:** The immediate environment (family, school, peers).<br />* **Mesosystem:** Interactions between microsystems (e.g., parent-teacher relationship).<br />* **Exosystem:** Settings that indirectly affect the individual (e.g., parent's workplace).<br />* **Macrosystem:** Broader cultural context (laws, values, customs).<br />* **Chronosystem:** The dimension of time and how it influences the other systems.<br /><br />**Challenges in practice:**<br /><br />* **Complexity:** The model's complexity can make it difficult to isolate specific factors influencing a client's situation.<br />* **Resource Intensive:** Assessing all levels of a client's ecosystem can be time-consuming and require significant resources.<br />* **Difficulty in Intervention:** Influencing factors at the exo- and macrosystem levels can be challenging for social workers.<br />* **Cultural Sensitivity:** Applying the model across different cultures requires careful consideration of cultural nuances.<br /><br /><br />**(d) Discuss the aims of Social Welfare services in Kenya (5 marks)**<br /><br />The aims of social welfare services in Kenya include:<br /><br />* **Poverty Alleviation:** Providing basic needs and opportunities for economic empowerment.<br />* **Vulnerable Group Support:** Protecting and supporting vulnerable groups like children, the elderly, and people with disabilities.<br />* **Community Development:** Empowering communities to address their own social and economic challenges.<br />* **Social Protection:** Providing safety nets for individuals and families facing hardship.<br />* **Promoting Social Justice:** Addressing inequalities and promoting human rights.<br />