Discussion Questions (Total of 6 marks): 1. What are some questions you might ask yourself when critically evaluating the following sections of a research article: introduction (including the purpose of the study); methods (e.g. participants, ethical considerations, outcomes of interest, assessments statistical analyses); results; discussion. Write down as many considerations as you can;point-form is fine (2 marks). 2. What other questions might you ask while critically reviewing a research article, separate from these considerations (hint:review the link to the article above for other considerations). Write down as many considerations as you can;point-form is fine (2 marks). 3. What are some benefits of learning how to critically review scientific literature?Write down as many benefits as you can; point form is fine (2 marks).

**1. Questions for Critical Evaluation of Research Article Sections:**<br /><br />* **Introduction (including purpose of the study):**<br /> * Is the background information relevant and sufficient?<br /> * Is the research question/hypothesis clearly stated?<br /> * Is the purpose of the study justified and important?<br /> * Is there a clear gap in the literature that this study addresses?<br /> * Are the key terms and concepts clearly defined?<br /><br />* **Methods (e.g., participants, ethical considerations, outcomes of interest, assessments, statistical analyses):**<br /> * Was the study design appropriate for the research question?<br /> * Was the sample size adequate and representative?<br /> * Were the inclusion/exclusion criteria clearly defined?<br /> * Were appropriate ethical approvals obtained?<br /> * Were the outcome measures valid and reliable?<br /> * Were the statistical analyses appropriate for the data?<br /> * Are potential biases addressed and minimized?<br /> * Is there enough detail provided to replicate the study?<br /><br />* **Results:**<br /> * Are the results presented clearly and concisely?<br /> * Are tables and figures easy to understand and interpret?<br /> * Are all relevant results reported, including negative findings?<br /> * Is the statistical significance discussed appropriately?<br /> * Are effect sizes reported where applicable?<br /><br />* **Discussion:**<br /> * Are the results discussed in relation to the research question/hypothesis?<br /> * Are the limitations of the study acknowledged and discussed?<br /> * Are the findings compared to previous research?<br /> * Are the implications of the findings discussed?<br /> * Are future research directions suggested?<br /><br /><br />**2. Other Questions for Critical Review:**<br /><br />* **Overall:**<br /> * Is the title clear, concise, and reflective of the study?<br /> * Is the abstract accurate and comprehensive?<br /> * Are the references up-to-date and relevant?<br /> * Is the article well-written and organized?<br /> * Are there any conflicts of interest declared?<br /> * Is the journal reputable and peer-reviewed? <br /> * Does the funding source introduce any potential bias?<br /> * Is the article accessible (open access or available through institutional subscription)?<br /><br /><br />**3. Benefits of Learning How to Critically Review Scientific Literature:**<br /><br />* **Improved understanding of research methodology:** Critically reviewing helps you understand different research designs, methods, and analyses.<br />* **Enhanced ability to evaluate the quality of research:** You can discern strong studies from weak ones and identify potential biases.<br />* **Development of critical thinking skills:** It strengthens your ability to analyze information objectively and form your own conclusions.<br />* **Improved research skills:** Understanding how others conduct research informs your own research practices.<br />* **Better informed decision-making:** You can use evidence-based information to make more informed decisions in your professional and personal life.<br />* **Enhanced communication skills:** Critically reviewing helps you articulate your thoughts and opinions about research effectively.<br />* **Staying up-to-date with current research:** Regularly reviewing literature keeps you abreast of the latest developments in your field.<br />* **Contributing to the scientific community:** By identifying strengths and weaknesses in research, you contribute to the overall improvement of scientific knowledge.<br />