3. Explain the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory in terms of capacity and duration. (1) to __ 4. long-term memory. Provide an example. encoding helps transfer information from short-term to __ 5. Clive Wearing is a famous case in psychology due to his memory impairment. What is the nature of his condition and how does it affect his ability to form new memories? __

3. Short-term memory (STM), also known as working memory, has a limited capacity and duration. It can hold around 7 plus or minus 2 items (like digits in a phone number) for about 20-30 seconds without rehearsal. Long-term memory (LTM), on the other hand, has a theoretically unlimited capacity and can store information for potentially a lifetime. The key difference is that STM is temporary storage for information currently in use, while LTM stores information for later retrieval.<br /><br /><br />4. Elaborative rehearsal helps transfer information from short-term memory to long-term memory. This involves making meaningful connections between new information and existing knowledge already stored in long-term memory. For example, if you are trying to remember the name of someone new, you might try to associate their name with something you already know, like a famous person or a character from a book. You could also visualize their face and link it to their name. This deeper processing creates stronger memory traces, making the information more likely to be remembered later.<br /><br /><br />5. Clive Wearing suffers from a severe form of amnesia caused by herpesviral encephalitis, which damaged his hippocampus and other brain regions crucial for memory. His condition is characterized by profound anterograde amnesia, meaning he is unable to form new long-term memories. He essentially lives in a perpetual present, with a memory span of only a few seconds. While he retains some procedural memory (like playing the piano), his episodic memory (memory for events) and semantic memory (general knowledge) are severely impaired. He constantly feels like he has just woken up and has no recollection of past events or even of meeting people moments before.<br />